A  SYLLABUS 


/lEDIEVAL  HISTORY 


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A  SYLLABUS 


OF 


MEDIEVAL  HISTORY 


395-1300, 


BY 

DANA  CARLETON  MUNRO 

FOURTH    EDITION. 

PUBLISHED  BY 
THE  DEPARTMENT  OF  HISTORY 

OF  THE 
UNIVERSITY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

Philadelphia,  Pa.,  1Q05. 
Sold  by:  Longmans,  Green  &  Co.,  91-93  Fifth  Avenue,  New.York. 


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//? 

If  OS" 


PREFACE. 


This  syllabus  is  divided  into  subjects,  not  lectures.  Often  a 
single  subject,  as  the  migrations,  may  require  more  than  one 
lecture.  Other  subjects  may  be  passed  over  briefly  in  less  than 
a  lecture,  or  omitted  entirely.  In  the  latter  case  the  students 
may  be  assigned  reading  to  cover  the  omission. 

In  the  bibliographies  only  authorities  in  English,  with  two  or 
three  exceptions,  are  given.  But  in  every  case  it  is  believed  that 
the  books  quoted  furnish  sufficient  bibliographical  notes  to 
enable  the  student  to  find  out  the  best  works  in  foreign  lan- 
guages. The  number  of  books  mentioned  has  been  kept  down 
to  the  lowest  possible  limit  without  omitting  works  which  are 
essential  ;  but  at  the  request  of  others  who  use  this  syllabus 
some  titles  have  been  added  to  the  original  list.  Some  books  of 
which  the  value  has  been  lessened  by  more  recent  works  are 
quoted  either  because  of  their  accessibility  or  fame.  Some  other 
works,  although  valuable  throughout  the  course,  are  named  only 
for  special  topics;  e.  g.  Gregorovius:  Hutory  of  the  Oity  of  Rome. 
Of  the  sources  only  a  few  are  mentioned  and  only  those  which 
can  be  used  by  undergraduate  students.  By  those  who  read 
French  Langlois'  Lectures  Historiques  will  be  found  especially 
useful.  The  same  students  will  find  Zeller's  Histoire  de  France 
racontee  par  les  Contemporains  of  value  in  connection  with  this 
course.     Both  are  published  by  Hachette,  Paris. 

The  best  small  atlas  is  Putzger:  Historischer  Schul- Atlas,  with  a 
German-English  glossary,  Lemcke  and  Buechner.  Of  the  larger 
atlases  Droysen  :  Allgemeiner  Historischer  Handatlas,  Velhagen 
and  Klasing,  orScrader:  Atlas  de  Geographie  Historique,  Hachette, 
or  Poole:  Oxford  Historical  Atlas,  are  the  most  valuable.  A  fuller 
list  can  be  found  in  the  Report  of  the  Committee  of  Seven,  Mac- 
millan.* 

*Holt  announces  a  new  atlas,  edited  by  Professor  Dow  of  the  University  of 
Michigan. 

(Ill) 


/V 


PREFACE. 

It  is  hard  to  make  a  choice  among  the  church  histories  be- 
cause they  are  so  often  biased  by  the  theological  views  of  the 
authors.  Moeller's  (3  vols.,  Macmillan)  is  dry,  but  useful. 
Gieseler's  (various  editions),  although  old,  is  excellent  because 
of  the  quantity  and  quality  of  source  material  quoted.  Alzog's 
(3  vols.,  Clark)  is  the  best  from  the  Roman  Catholic  standpoint. 
Schaff's  (6  vols.,  Scribner)  is  scholarly  and  will  be  preferred  by 
many.  Fisher's  (1  vol.,  Scribner)  is  a  convenient  summary. 
There  are  others  which  deserve  mention,  but  each  instructor  is 
sure  to  have  his  own  preferences. 

For  the  proper  names  the  usual  form  is  given  except  where 
there  is  some  especial  reason  for  preferring  another  spelling. 
There  has  been  no  attempt  to  attain  uniformity.  It  would  be 
impossible  without  a  palaeographic  purism  which  obscures 
familiar  names  and  events,  and  certainly  has  no  place  in  under- 
graduate work. 

The  extracts  from  the  sources  are  printed  here  because  these 
particular  bits  do  not  seem  to  fit  into  any  of  the  existing  series. 

In  the  preparation  of  this  syllabus  I  have  been  much  aided 
by  the  excellent  syllabi  of  Professor  Burr  of  Cornell  and 
Professor  Dow  of  Michigan.  Professor  Haskins  of  Harvard, 
Professor  Robinson  of  Columbia,  Professor  Cheyney  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, Professor  Whitcomb  of  Cincinnati,  and  Professor  Sellery 
of  "Wisconsin,  have  all  given  valuable  assistance,  for  which  I 
wish  to  express  my  thanks.  Of  my  indebtedness  to  other  men 
and  books  I  am  very  conscious,  but  it  is  impossible  to  mention 
or  even  recall  the  books  which  I  have  laid  under  contribution  in 
several  years  of  teaching. 
Umversity  of  Wisconsin,  October  20,  1905. 


(IV) 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


PAGE 

1  Introductory.    The  Middle  Ages  1 

2  The  Land  and  the  People  1 

3  The  Roman   Empire,  395  A.  D 2 

4  Christianity,  the  State  Religion 3 

5  Causes  of  Disintegration 5 

6  The  Early  Germans 7 

7  The  Migrations 8 

8  Reaction  under  Justinian    11 

9  Rise  of  the  Papacy  12 

10  Early  Monasticism   13 

11  Roman  Law   14 

12  Germanic  Laws 17 

13  Fusion  of  Two  Civilizations    18 

14  Mohammed    19 

15  The  Koran 20 

16  Conquests  of  Moslems 21 

17  The  Franks   22 

18  Charles  the  Great 24 

19  The  New  Empire 25 

20  Decline  of  the  Carolingian  Empire  26 

21  Northmen  and  Normans 28 

22  Feudalism  30 

23  The  Church  in  the  Ninth  and  Tenth  Centuries 31 

24  The  German-Roman  Empire    32 

25  The  Investiture  Struggle   34 

26  Chivalry 35 

27  The  Byzantine  Empire    36 

28  The  Saracen  Civilization 38 

29  The  Crusades 38 

30  The  Popes  and  the  Hohenstaufens 41 

31  The  New  Nations.     France,  England,  Spain 43 

32  The  Scandinavian  Kingdoms 45 

33  TheSlavs  46 

(V) 


CONTENTS. 

PAGE 

34  Village  and  Manor  (England)    48 

35  Commerce  49 

36  Rise  of  the  Towns 51 

37  Education,  including  Universities 52 

38  The  Church  in  the  Thirteenth  Century    53 

39  Heresies,  Twelfth  and  Thirteenth  Centuries   56 

40  Canon  Law 57 

41  Literature,  Twelfth  and  Thirteenth  Centuries    59 

42  Summary    61 

A  List  of  Important  Dates  and  Events 62 

Lists  of  Emperors,  Popes  and  Kings 66 

Genealogical  Tables 72 

Account  of  Richer" s  Journey 74 

Letter  of  Henry  IV  to  Gregory  VII 76 

List  of  Books  quoted    78 


(VI) 


ABBREVIATIONS. 


Bohn.     Bohn's  Libraries.     Macmillan. 

Clarendon.     The  Clarendon  Press.     Oxford. 

Contemporaries.     English   History   by  Contemporary   Writers 

Series.     Putnam, 
Epochs.     The  Epochs  of  History  Series.   Longmans  or  Scribner. 

The  Epochs  of  Church  History  Series.     Longmans. 
"Fling."     Studies   in    European   History.       Miller,    Lincoln, 

Nebraska. 
Heroes.     Heroes  of  the  Nations  Series.     Putnam. 
"Indiana."     Extracts  from  the  Sources.     Published   by  the 
Department  of  History,  University  of  Indiana, 
Bloomington. 
Nations.     Story  of  the  Nation  Series.     Putnam. 
S.    P.    C.    K.      Society   for   Promoting   Christian   Knowledge. 

Young. 
Translations,  etc.     Translations  and  Reprints  from  the  Original 
Sources   of   European  History.     Published 
by  the  Department  of  History,  University 
of  Pennsylvania,  Philadelphia. 


(VII) 


^ 


1.     INTRODUCTORY.     THE  MIDDLE  AGES. 
SECONDARY  WORK:  Adams:   Civilization,  ch.  1,  2. 

INTRODUCTION.       DATES,   395-1300  A.   D. 

Why  chosen.     Other  views. 

I.  WHAT  THE  MIDDLE  AGES  STARTED  WITH. 

The  3  most  important  factors. 

a.  The  Roman  civilization. 

b.  The  Christian  Church. 

c.  The  Germanic  nations. 

II.  PERIODS. 

a.  395-600,  migrations. 

b.  600-800,  assimilation. 

c.  800-814,  Empire  of  Charles  the  Great. 

d.  814-1100,  "the  Dark  Ages." 

Injustice  of  this  name.     Subdivision  of  this  period. 

e.  1100-1200,  "the  Renaissance  of  the  twelfth  century." 

f.  1200-1300,  "The  Wonderful  Century."  (F.Harrison: 
"  The  Cleaning  of  History,^ ^  ch.  5.)  Comparison  with 
the  nineteenth.  The  Janus-faced  Dante.  Periods  de- 
fined only  for  convenience,  constant  evolution. 

III.  TASK  OF  THE  MIDDLE  AGES.      (Adams:  Civilization,  p.  5. ) 
METHODS  OF  STUDY:   Text-book,  lectures,  note-taking,  required 

reading,   reports  on  topics,  recitations — oral  and  written, 
lantern  views,  emphasis  on  sources. 

2.     THE  LAND  AND  THE  PEOPLE. 

SECONDARY  WORKS:  Gcorge:   Geography  and  History.     Freeman: 
Historical  Geography.     Atlases,  see  p.  iii. 

INTRODUCTION.       IMPORTANCE  OF  GEOGRAPHY. 

I.  DESCRIPTION  OF  EUROPE. 

a.^^ysical  features. 

Coast,  indentations,  rivers,  plains,  mountains. 

b.  Climate  and  products. 

c.  The  Mediterranean.      {Playfair,  in  Smithsonian  Report, 
1890,  pp.  259-276. ) 

II.  THE  PEOPLES  OF  EUROPE. 

a.  Romans. 

b.  Germans. 

(1) 


c.  Kelts. 

d.  Others  of  importance  only  later  in  course.     (Ploetz,  /, 
B,5.) 

3.     THE  ROMAN  EMPIRE,  395  A.  D. 

sources:  Translation^,  etc..  Vol.  VI,  No.  4,  Extracts  from  the 
Notitia  Dignitatum. 

SECONDARY  works:  Robinson :  Western  Europe,  ch.  2.  Bemont 
and  Monod:  Medieval  Europe,  ch.  1.  Bury:  Later  Roman 
Empire,  Bk.  I,  ch.  4.  Hodgkin:  Italy,  Bk.  I,  Introd.  and 
ch.  3,  and  Theodosius,  pp.  1-54.  Bryce:  Holy  Roman  Em- 
pire, ch.  2.  Oman:  Byzantine  Empire.  Sheppard:  chs.  1 
and  2.  Dill:  Roman  Society,  Bk.  III.  Duruy:  Rome,  Vol. 
VIII.     Lavisse  et  Rambaud,  Vol.  I,  ch.  1. 

INTRODUCTION.       DEVELOPMENT  OF  EMPIRE. 

Period  of  conquest.     Four  centuries  of  assimilation.     How 
the  Empire  was  accepted.     Evolution  of  the  Roman  spirit. 

I.  WHAT  THE  EMPIRE  INCLUDED. 

II.  THE  EMPEROR. 

a.  His  power. 

Policy  of  Augustus.     Diocletian.     Actual  power. 

b.  His  agents. 

The  court-officials.     The  sacro-sanct  hierarchy:  illustres, 
spectabiles,  clarissimi,  perfectissimi,  egregii. 
7  divisions  of  officers. 

c.  His  income. 

6  kinds  of  taxes. 

III.  ADMINISTRATIVE  DIVISIONS. 

a.  Prefectures. 

b.  Dioceses. 

c.  Provinces. 

Gaul  as  an  example. 

IV.  THE  CIVITAS. 

a.  What  it  was.     The  real  unit.     Antiquity. 

b.  How  it  was  governed. 

c.  An  element  of  permanence.     Chartres  as  an  example. 

d.  The  Villa.     (Dill,  pp.  168  ff.) 

V.  THE  SENATE  AND  ANCIENT  MAGISTRATES. 

a.  Loss  of  power. 

b.  Survivals  in  the  Middle  Ages. 

(2) 


VI.  THE  ARMY. 

a.  Not  composed  of  Romans. 

b.  Where  stationed. 

c.  Spirit  of  rebellion, 

VII.  THE  INHABITANTS,  TENDENCY  TO  FORM  FIXED  SOCIAL  CLASSES. 

a.  Slaves,  becoming  serfs  (of  the  glebe). 

b.  Freedmen,  disappearing  as  a  class. 

c.  Colons,  becoming  more  numerous,  to  be  later  serfs  or 
villains. 

d.  Plebs.      Collegiati. 

e.  Curials.     Qualifications.     Duties. 

f.  Senatorial  class.     How  formed.     Wealth.     Not  soldiers. 
Later  importance. 

CONCLUSION.       EFFECTS  OF  REMOVING  THE  CENTRAL  POWER. 

4.     CHRISTIANITY,  THE  STATE  RELIGION. 

sources:  St.  Jerome:  Letters,  Lactantius,  Eusebius  and  "Fath- 
ers" in  general,  in  the  Nicene  and  Post-Nicene  Fathe7-s, 
or  in  the  Bohn  Library.  Robinson:  Readings,  ch.  2. 
Gwatkin:  Selections.  Translations,  etc..  Vol.  IV,  No.  1. 
Early  Christian  Persecutions,  Vol.  IV,  No.  2,  Canons. 
"FHng,"  Vol.  I,  No.  9,  Roman  Life.  "Indiana,"  No. 
8,  Letters  of  Pliny. 

secondary  works:  Robinson,  pp.  18-22.  Bemont  and  Monod, 
ch.  1.  Gibbon,  chs.  15,  16,  20.  Fisher:  Beginnings  of 
Christianity,  History  of  the  Church.  Ramsey:  Church  in 
the  Roman  Empire,  chs.  10-15.  Uhlhorn:  Conflict  of 
Christianity  with  Heathenism.  Hatch :  Organization  of  the 
Early  Christian  Churches,  Growth  of  Christian  Lnstitutions. 
Carr:  Church  and  the  Roman  Empire,  chs.  1,  4,  8,  11, 
13-16.  Ren  an:  Rome  and  Christianity.  Bury:  Later 
Rommi  Empire,  Bk.  I,  chs.  1  and  2.  Merivale:  Early 
Church  History,  chs.  1,  2,  3.  Lecky:  European  Morals, 
chs.  2  and  3.  Lanciani:  Pagan  and  Christian  Rome. 
Fairley:  Seignohos's  Rome,  chs.  24  and  26.  Moeller: 
Church  History,  Vol.  I.  Neander:  Church  History, 
Vol.  I. 

introduction.*     a.    how  CHRISTIANITY  WON  GROUND. 

a.  Teaching:  immortality  of  soul,  expiation  of  sin. 
Contrast  Seneca,  How  life  may  be  endured;  Tauroholia. 

b.  Example.     Care  of  non-Christian  poor  and  sick. 

(3) 


c.    Persecutions. 

Tertullian,  "  The  blood  of  the  martyrs  is  the  seed  of  the 
Church." 

B.    HOW  IT  BECAME  THE  STATE  RELIGION. 

Constan tine's  policy;  vision  of  Milvian  Bridge,  312; 
Edict  of  Milan,  313  (?);  conversion;  baptism.  Perse- 
cution of  pagans  and  heretics.      (Oarr,  ch.  4-) 

I.     COMPOSITION  OF  THE  CHURCH. 

Membership.     Danger  of  union  with  State;  corrupting 
elements;  St.  John  Chrysostom,  St.  Hilary,  St.  Jerome 
agree:  divitUs  major,  virtutibus  minor. 
Religion  of  peasants. 

II.     INFLUENCES  WHICH  WERE  SHAPING  THE  CHURCH. 

a.  Environment.     Jewish,  Greek,  Roman.     {Hatch:  Influ- 
ence, etc.) 

b.  Scriptures.     Jewish,  Christian. 

c.  The  Fathers.      (Diet,  of  Christian  Biography. ) 

1.  The  Greek  Fathers. 
Athanasius  (c.  297-373.) 

Basil  (c.  329-379.)     (Carr,  ch.  8.) 
Gregory  Nazianzen  (c.  325-385  or  390. ) 
John  Chrysostom  (c.  347-407.) 

2.  The  Latin  Fathers. 
Ambrose  (c.  340-397.) 
Jerome  (c.  340-420. ) 
Augustine  (c.  354-430.) 
[Gregory  the  Great  (c.  550-604. ) 

d.  The  heresies. 

Origin,  nature,  subjects  discussed.  Absorption  of  energy 
in  theological  strife. 

e.  The  Councils. 

Composition,  organization,  method  of  procedure,  sub- 
jects discussed. 
Arianism.      (Gwatkin:  Arian  Controversy). 

III.  GOVERNMENT  OF  THE  CHURCH. 

a.  The  emperor. 

b.  The  bishops. 

c.  The  Councils. 

d.  Methods  of  discipline. 

IV.  CHRISTIAN  SOCIETY.      (  Gregorovius,  Bk.  7,  ch.  3,  pp.  137  ff. ) 

(4) 


The  pictures  drawn  by  St.  Jerome  (Cutts:  St.  Jerome), 
St.  John  Chrysostom  and  other  Christians;  by  A.  Mar- 
celHnus,  Zosimus,  JuUan  the  Apostate  and  other  pagans, 

CONCLUSION.  INFLUENCE  OF  CHRISTIANITY.  (Adavis:  Civilization^ 
pp.  50-64-.) 

a.  On  rehgious  ideas. 

INIonotheistic  principle.     Religion  becomes  ethical. 

b.  On  ethical  ideas. 

Moral  law  supreme.  Idea  of  sin  clarified.  Lofty  ex- 
ample as  ideal.     Hope  even  for  the  lowest. 

PROPER  NAMES  AND  UNUSUAL  WORDS. 

Arius  Justin  Martyr  Oecumenical 

Athanasius  Manicheans  Origen 

Decius  Marcion  Salvian 

Donatus  Montanists  Talmud 

Eutyches  Nestorius 

Gnosticism  Novatian 

5.     CAUSES  OF  DISINTEGRATION. 

SECONDARY  WORKS:  Bury,  Bk.  I,  ch.  3.  Hodgkin:  Italy, ^Bk. 
Ill,  ch.  9.  Gibbon,  ch.  38  at  end.  Sheppard,  ch.  2. 
Seeley:  Roman  Imperialism,  ch.  2.  Adams:  OiviUzation, 
pp.  76-88.  Hodgkin:  Article  in  Contemporary  Revieio, 
Jan.,  1898.  Cunningham:  Western  Civilization,  Vol.  I, 
pp.  179-185. 

INTRODUCTION.       A.     VIEWS  OF  ROMANS. 

Tiberius.  Pliny.  Zosimus.  A.  Marcellinus.  Salvian. 
St.  Augustine. 

B.     MODERN  VIEWS. 

Secretan.  Michelet.  Sheppard.  Hodgkin.  Seeley. 
Bury. 

I.     CHRISTIANITY. 

Not  SO  important  as  other  causes.  Contrast  Eastern 
Empire.     Acted  in  two  ways. 

1.  Turned  thoughts  of  many  of  the  best  men  away  from 
their  duties  as  citizens. 

St.  Augustine.     Tertullian.     Theological  strife.     Re- 
tirement from  active  life  honored. 

2.  Encouraged  celibacy;  furthered  depopulation. 

(5) 


II.  SLAVERY. 

Early  recognized  as  an  evil. 

Tiberius  Gracchus.     Casar.    Augustus  (speech  of  Metel- 

lus  Macedonicus).   Tiberius.   Pliny.   St.  Ambrose.  Pope 

Gelasius. 

a.  Effect  on  morals. 

1.  Importation  of  vices. 

2.  Increase  of  immorality  and  cruelty. 

3.  Increase  of  luxury.     (Friedliinder's  comments. ) 
Drain  of  money  to  East. 

b.  Effect  on  industry  and  agriculture. 

1.  "Poor  whites." 

2.  Corn  grants. 

3.  Pasturage  supersedes  farming. 

4.  Tendency  of  wealth  to  mass  itself. 

c.  Effect  on  citizen  body. 
Composition.     Scipio's  speech. 

III.  DEPOPULATION. 

Not  strictly  a  cause,  but  the  resultant  of  some  of  the 
causes. 

a.  Decrease  in  citizen  body. 

b.  Decrease  in  slaves.     Result,  condition  improved. 

c.  Decrease  of  barbarians  under  Roman  influence. 
Disappearance  of  Helvetians. 

d.  Plague,  166  A.  D.  and  later. 

M.  Aurelius:  "  '  This  man  was  the  last  of  his  house'  is 
not  uncommon  upon  a  monument." 

IV.  TAXATION,   ESPECIALLY  IN  FOURTH   CENTURY. 

a.  Need  of  more  money. 

Armies.     Tributes.     Hierarchy  of  officials. 
Two  or  more  imperial  courts. 

b.  Bad  incidence  of  taxation. 

Exemption  of  the  wealthy  and  privileged.  Wasteful 
method  of  collection,  tax-farming.  Burden  on  curials. 
Lactantius,  "More  who  received  than  paid,"  exagger- 
ated. 

Tendency,  as  above,  to  massing  of  wealth  and  depopu- 
lation. 

V.  IMPORTATION  OF  BARBARIANS. 

a.  Need  of  filling  gaps  for  agriculture. 

b.  Examples  in  second  and  third  centuries.     Lneti. 

(6) 


c.   Army  germanized. 

Barbarus,  shield-song,  wedge-attack,  Valentinian  raised 

on  the  shield. 

Citizens  forbidden  to  carry  arms. 

CONCLUSION.       ETERNITY  OF  ROME. 

Freeman's  dictum. 

Influence  of  Rome  in  the  Middle  Ages  and  to-day. 

6.     THE  EARLY  GERMANS. 

sources:  Tacitus:  Germania.     Caesar:  Gallic  War^  Bk.  IV,  chs. 

1-3;  Bk.  VI,  chs.  21-24.     Translations,  etc..  Vol.  VI, 

No.   3,    The  Early   Germans.     "Fling,"  Vol.  II,  No.  2, 

The  Teutonic  Barbarians.      "Indiana,"  No.  9,   Extracts 

from  Germania.     Thatcher  and  McNeal,  No.  1. 

SECONDARY  WORKS:  Robinsoii,  ch.  3.  Bemont  and  Monod, 
ch.  2.  Gummere:  Germanic  Origins,  chs.  3-6,  8,  12-16. 
Gibbon,  ch.  9.  Henderson:  Germany,  ch.  1.  Momm- 
sen:  Provinces,  ch.  4.  Stubbs:  Select  Charters  (Intro- 
duction), or  Constitutional  History,  Vol.  1.  Adams: 
Oivilization,  ch.  5.  Guizot:  Civilization,  Lecture  7. 
Bury:  Students^  History,  ch.  9. 

INTRODUCTION.       ORIGIN  OF  THE  GERMANS. 

Testimony  of  anthropology  and  comparative  philology. 

I.  THEIR  CIVILIZATION. 

a.  The  individual. 
Appearance.     Virtues  and  vices. 

b.  The  society. 
Customs,  laws,  religion. 

c.  The  government. 

Family-basis.     Ranks.     Cantons.     Assemblies.     Army. 
Comitatus. 

II.  EARLY  CONTACT  WITH  ROMAN. 

a.  Clmbri  and  Teutones,  113-101  B.  C. 

b.  Caesar  and  the  Germans,  58-49  B.  C. 

c.  The  Roman  struggle  for  Germany,  15  B.  C.  to  16  A.  D. 
Varus,  9  A.  D.  {Merivale:  Romans,  Vol.  IV,  pp.  268-276.) 
Results. 

d.  The  border  conflict. 

e.  M.  Aurelius  and  the  Germans. 

(7) 


III.  THE  GERMANS  AMONG  THE  ROMANS. 

a.  Slaves.     Employments. 

b.  Coloni. 

c.  Soldiers.     Legionaries,  foederaii^  laeti. 

d.  Officials. 

e.  Hostages. 

IV.  THE  ROMANS  AMONG  THE  GERMANS. 

a.  Diplomatic  agents. 

b.  Travelers. 

c.  Tradesmen. 

d.  Missionaries. 


CONCLUSION.       POLICY  OF  THE  ROMANS. 

a.  ' '  Divide  et  impera. ' ' 

b.  Tacitus:  Germania,  ch.  33. 

c.  A.  Marcellinus,  XXVIII,  1-9. 
VI,  No.  3,  pp.  35-36. ) 

d.  Theodoric  (legend). 

PROPER   NAMES,  ETC. 

Agri  Decumates 

Aquae  Sextiae,  102  B.  C. 

Ariovistus 

Arminius  (Hermann?) 

Carbo,  113  B.  C. 

Drusus,  12-9  B.  C. 

Marbod 


(Translations,  etc.,  Vol. 


Marius 

Pytheas  of  Massilia 

leufelsmauer 

Teutoburg 

Tiberius 

Ulfilas 

Vercellae,  101  B.  C. 


7.     THE  MIGRATIONS. 

sources:  Robinson:  Readings,  ch.  3.  Ammianus  Marcellinus. 
St.  Augustine:  City  of  God.  Bede,  and  Anglo-Saxon 
Chronicle  in  Bohn.     Thatcher  and  McNeal,  Nos.  2,  3. 

SECONDARY  WORKS:  Robinsou,  ch.  3.  Emerton:  Introduction, 
chs.  3-7.  Bemont  and  Monod,  chs.  3,  4,  5.  Adams: 
Civilization,  pp.  65-88,  137-146.  Hodgkin:  Italy,  Vols. 
I-III,  Theodosius,  Lectures  3-7,  and  Theodoric.  Bury, 
Bk.  II,  chs.  6-7,  Bk.  Ill,  chs.  4-5.  Gibbon,  chs. 
26,  30-31,  34-36,  38-39.  Dill:  Bk.  IV,  chs.  1-3. 
Sheppard:  Lectures  4-6.  Henderson:  Germany,  ch.  2. 
Green:  Making  of  England.  Stubbs:  Constitutional  His- 
tory, Vol.  I,  ch.  4.  Oman:  Europe,  chs.  1,  2,  4,  8; 
Byzantine  Empire,  chs.  3,  4.  Bryce:  Holy  Roman  Em- 
pire, ch.  3.     Freeman:  Franks  and  the  Gaids,  in  Essays, 

(8) 


Vol.  I,  and  Western  Empire.   Villari:  Invasions.    McCabe: 
St.    Augustine.     Bradley:   Goths. 

INTRODUCTION.       CAUSES. 

a.  Lack  of  land. 

Over-population.     Caesar  and  the  Helvetii. 

b.  Love  of  adventure. 
Comitatus. 

c.  Roman  civilization. 

Known  through  Roman  traders  and  travelers,  and  Ger- 
mans in  Roman  army. 

d.  Legends  and  attractiveness  of  the  South. 
The  contrast  in  crossing  the  Alps. 

The  legends  which  grew  up. 

e.  Influence  of  one  tribe  upon  another. 
Movement  to  occupy  vacant  lands. 

f.  Pressure  from  the  Huns. 

Reasons  for  the  terror  which  they  inspired. 

I.  LOCATION  OF  THE  GERMAN  TRIBES,   C.   300  A.    D. 

a.  The  Rhine- Danube  frontier.     The  Limes. 

b.  How  Rome  had  held  them  in  check. 

II.  THE  VISIGOTHS.      (Hodgkin,   Vol.  I.) 

a.  Previous  history.     Ulfilas. 

b.  The  passage  of  the  Danube. 

c.  Battle  of  Hadrianople,  378  A.  D.  {Oman:  Byzantine 
Empire,  ch.  3.) 

d.  Alaric  and  his  sieges  of  Rome. 

e.  Spanish  kingdoms,  415-711.  (Hodgkiu':  Vmgothic 
Spain,  in  English  Historical  Review,  Vol.  II,  pp.  209-234. 
Burke:  Spain.) 

III.  THE  VANDALS.     (HodgMn:   Vol.  II.) 

a.  The  march. 

Legions  withdrawn.      Pannonia,   400  ;   passage  of  the 
Rhine,  406;  North  France;  South  France;  Spain. 

b.  The  invasion  of  Africa,  429. 

Reasons.     State  of  Africa.     Siege  of  Hippo,  430.     Cap- 
ture of  Carthage,  439. 

c.  Genseric  and  the  sack  of  Rome,  455. 
Leo  I.     Vandalism. 

d.  The  Vandal  kingdom  in  Africa,  429-534. 
Death  of  Genseric,  477.     Fate  of  kingdom. 

(9) 


IV.  THE  BUEGUNDIANS,   413-534. 

a.  Their  march. 

b.  Their  home. 

c.  Reasons  for  our  especial  interest  in  them. 

d.  Fate  of  kingdom. 

V.  THE  HUNS.      {Bury:  Later  Empire,  Bk.  II,  ch.  11,  Hodgkin: 

Bk.  II,  ch.  2.) 

a.  Characteristics. 

b.  Attila's  supremacy. 

c.  Battle  of  Maurica  (Chalons),  451,  {see  Gibbon,  ed.  Bury 
Vol.  Ill,  App.  28. ) 

d.  Attila  in  Italy. 

Leo  the  Great  and  Attila,  452. 
Beginnings  of  Venice. 

e.  Dissolution  of  Huns'  power. 
Death  of  Attila,  453. 

VI.  THE  ANGLES,   SAXONS  AND  JUTES.       {Green:  English  People, 

Bk.  I,  chs.  1,  2. ) 

a.  Their  home. 

b.  Their  invasion,  c.  449-c.  549.     {Colby,  pp.  12-14..) 

c.  Nature  of  the  conquest. 

d.  The  Heptarchy:    Kent,   Sussex,   Wessex,    Essex,   East 
Anglia,  Mercia,  Northumbria  (Deira  and  Bernicia). 

e.  Conversion    of   Britain.      {Gee   and   Hardy,  pp.   2-15. 
Johnston,  p.  7.      Colby,  pj).  1^-16. ) 

f.  Struggle  for  supremacy. 

g.  Anglo-Saxon  institutions. 

VII.  THE    ALLEMANNI,   369-496. 

Their  migration  and  fate. 

VIII.  THE  FRANKS.     {Sergeant:  Franks.) 

a.  Home  of  the  Salian  Franks. 

b.  Clovis,  486-511. 

Invasion  of  Gaul,  486.     Battle  of  Soissons,  486.     Con- 
version, 496.     Conquests. 

IX.  "fall  of  the  eoman  empire."     {Bury,  Bk.  Ill,  ch.  5.) 

a.  The  Roman  Empire  under  Honorius,  395-423. 

b.  Placidia  supreme.     Valentinian  III. 

c.  Ricimer  supreme,  456-472. 

d.  Orestes  supreme,  472-476.     Romulus  Augustulus. 

e.  Odovakar,  the  soldier  of  fortune,  476-493. 
Reasons  for  his  success.     476  A.  D.  not  an  epoch. 

(10) 


THE  OSTROGOTHS.     (Freeman:  Goths  at  Ravenna  in  Essays,  Vol. 
III.     Hodqkin:  Cassiodorus. ) 

a.  Their  home. 

b.  Theodoric. 

c.  EstabHshment  in  Italy. 

d.  Character  of  Theodoric' s  rule. 
ch.  17.) 

e.  His  relations  with  the  Church. 

f.  His  foreign  policy. 

g.  Boethius  and  Symmachus. 
De  consolatione philosophiae.      (English  translation.) 

h.  Why  Theodoric  was  great. 


(Gibbon,  ch.  39.    Bradley, 


CONCLUSION.       WHAT  THE  INVASIONS  ILLUSTRATE. 


PROPER   NAMES,   ETC. 

Aetius 

Amali 

Aquileia 

Arcadius 

Athaulf 

Avitus 

Boniface 

Clotilda 


Bern 


Dietrich  von 

Etzel 

Eudocia 

Euric,  466-483 

Fridigern 

Gepidae 

Hengist 

Horsa 


Moesia 

Pollentia,  402 
Radagaisus 
Reccared,  586-601 
Stilicho 
Valens. 


J(/^\ 


8.     REACTION  UNDER  JUSTINIAN. 


SECONDARY  WORKS:  Bemont  and  Monod,  ch.  8.  Buiy.  Bk.  IV, 
^ft/i,  ^jx  f^<^^-  2.  Hodglyn,  Vol.  Ill,  ch.  14,  et  seq.  Giyjgn, 
^     !         J    chs.  40-43.     Oman:  Byzantine  Empire,  chs.(.6,  i7,  8,  and 


uyir 


Europe,   chs.   5,   B".      Cunningham:    Western  Civilizatiori^  u. 
Vol.  I,  pp.  196-209.     Hutton:  Church  in  the  Sixth  Cen-        1 
tury,   ch.    1.      Bryce:    Article   Justinian   in    Britannica. 
Gregorovius,   Vol.   I,  pp.  356-475.     Mallet:    Theodora, 
in  English  Historical  Review,  January,  1887.  ^^ 


INTRODUCTION.       THE  EASTERN  EMPIRE,  395-527. 

I.    JUSTINIAN,  527-565. 

a.  His  origin  and  character. 

b.  His  environment.     (Munro  and  Sellery,  pp.  87-113. ) 
1.  Theodora. 

h  2.  The  Greens  and  the  Blues. 
\r  3.  The  Nika  riot. 
4.  Justinian  and  the  Church. 

(11) 


II.  HIS  WARS. 

a.  Conquest  of  Africa,  533-534. 

b.  Conquest  of  Italy,  535-555. 

c.  War  in  Spain,  554-615. 

d.  Wars  in  North  and  East. 
Persians,   Bulgarians,  Slavs. 

III.  COMING  OF  THE  LOMBARDS,  568.      (Hodykin,    Vol.    V.) 

a.  Origin. 

b.  Tale  of  Narses's  revenge. 

c.  Alboin. 

d.  The  dukes. 

e.  Lombards  and  the  Church. 
The  Papal  Peace,  599. 

CONCLUSION.     RESULTS,  600  A.  D.      (Bury,  in  Eng.   Hist.   Rev., 
Vol.  IX,  pp.  315-320. )  S, 

a.  Possessions  of  the  Eastern  Empire,  especially  in  Italy. 

b.  Possessions  of  the  Lombards.  "771  fW-^ 

c.  Possessions  of  the  Franks. 

d.  Possessions  of  the  other  Germans. 


PROPER  NAMES,   ETC. 

Agilulf 

Rothari 

Amalaswintha 

Teja 

Authari 

Theodohad 

Belisarius 

Theudelinda 

Chosroes 

Totila 

Narses 

Witigis 

Rosamund 

9.     RISE  OF  THE  PAPACY. 

sources:  Robinson:  Readings,  ch.  4.  Thatcher  and  McNeal, 
Nos.  33-45. 

SECONDARY  WORKS:  Church  Histories.  Adams:  Civilization,  ch.  6. 
Robinson,  ch.  4.  Bemont  and  Monod,  ch,  9.  Hatch: 
Organization.  Emerton  :  Introduction,  ch.  9.  Carr, 
ch.  24. 

INTRODUCTION.       ROLE  OF  THE  PAPACY  IN  THE  MIDDLE  AGES. 
I.     ORIGIN  OF  THE  PAPACY. 

a.  The  early  bishops:  their  occupations  and  learning. 

b.  Evolution  of  the  hierarchy:  metropolitans,  patriarchs. 
Constitution,  as  indicated  by  acts  of  Council  of  Nicaea. 

(12) 


II.  CAUSES  WHICH  AIDED  IT  IN  BECOMING   SUPREME. 

a.  Rome,  capital  of  the  West. 

b.  Political  rights  of  bishop  of  Rome  in  absence  of  Emperor. 

c.  Bishop  of  Rome,  successor  of  St.  Peter. 

d.  No  competition  in  the  west  of  Europe... 

e.  Orthodoxy  of  the  bishops  of  Rome.  -  i  - 

f.  Collections  of  canons  and  papal  decretals  by  Dionysius 

Exiguus.  ,  ^^ 

g.  Congregation  at  Rome  numerous,  wealthy  and  liberal,   a  jL  Clu\  -— ^ 
h.  Missionary  zeal  of  Rome.      (England.)       la^ .^-«" p-*Y^ '^    \       ^^ 
i.    Greatness  of  individual  popes,  especially  Leo  and  Greg- 
ory.     (Gregorovius,   Vol.  II,  pp.  29-69.)     ~^ 
Medieval  papacy  takes  its  form  only  in  ninth  century 

III.  PERIODS  IN  PAPAL  INFLUENCE.  "/"^^  «•  "^^  ^i^^**^'"^ -t    t^tJu, 

a.  Headship  in  honor  and  rank,  out  of  courtesy,  ^y^^  n-ve^ — ^l^i.  UL^ 

b.  Supreme  authority  claimed  as  right.  .frl^^i^^*^^   ' c^u^^^t^^^L^ 

c.  Admission  of  right  in  West,  essential  to  orthodc^xy.       ^^  i^un^O^t^'-^ 
Note  impossibility  of  giving  dates.     Cyprian  of  Carthage,  ^^^  ^^^^^^  .:<.< 
died  258.     Council  of  Nicaea,  325;  Sardica,   348-344;    ?  .      ^ 
Constantinople,  381.     Emperor's  declaration,  445.           4^/*  ^^^^^  »*^-t<. 

CONCLUSION.       STRENGTH  LATER,   from  ,  y    cU^^^    <'i-~«  «-  -*-^ 

a.  Union  with  Franks.  ^>-''-"-|»-^^*icce^  /;^  w  lcU.6»-t^t*/"T>^ 
Pippin's  gift.     Holy  Roman  Empire.      ciyu«— ^  •    ^-^^  o/~%  it^v^^ 

b.  Growth  of  Canon  Law.  ,^*  ^.^^^.^..^^  c^ -c^^^s-'i-— -^  <i— ^/-^--a.^  >. 

10.  EARLY  MONASTICISM.  1^  .^^^Ct;;/..,,^  ^ 
sources:  Socrates,  Sozomen,  Theodoret  and  Evagrius  in  the  iVt- 
c.ene  and  Post-Nicene  Fathers  or  in  Bohn.  S^  Benedict's 
Rule  in  Henderson;  Documents,  or  (extracts)  m  "Fling,^" 
Vol.  li.  No.  i5.  translations,  etc..  Vol.  II,  No.  7,  Life 
of  St.  Columban.  Bede:  Ecclesiastical  History  in  Bohn. 
Robinson :  Readings,  pp.  86-92.  Thatcher  and  McNeal, 
IN  OS.  251-265:  i^^^t:tty   , 

SECONDARY  works:  Montalembert:  Monks  of  the  West.     Harua^:/!'- .^^   ,     ''^ 
Ah^^g^£j^m^^~KrluiTe~Monasticism  l^kiirch 

^HTstoneZj^ilman,  Bk.  Ill,  ch.  6.  Emerton:  Intro- 
duction, ch.  11.  Lea:  Sacerdotal  Celibacy,  ch.  7.  Lecky: 
European  Morals,  Vol.^TTT  Gibbon,  cli.  37.  Kingsley: 
Hermits.     Taylor:  Classical  Heritage,  ch.  7.     Zimmer. 

INTRODUCTION.       MEANING  OF  REGULAR  CLERG^.^^^    M//UA    .  Z  r-   -   fH^/U/c^ 

I.    ORIGINS.  ^'^''W^Ki^iaJXZvi,^' 

a.  Oriental  tendency,  Hellenic  teaching,  Roman  spirit. 

b.  Similar  institutions  in  other  religions. 

(13) 


II.  SPREAD. 

a,  Paul,  Anthony,  Pachomius,  Basil,  Athanasius,  Jerome, 
Augustine. 

b.  Ascetics,    hermits   and   anchorites,    friars   and    monks, 
coenobites. 

III.  PRAISE  AND  CENSURE. 

Differences  in  opinion.  Influence  in  the  East.  Extrava- 
gance: Stylites,  Boskoi.  Feeling  in  Rome  on  death  of 
Blesilla.     Death  of  Hypatia. 

Decline  in  East  due  to  extravagance,  indolence  and 
bigotry. 

IV.  WESTERN  MONACHISM  DIFFERENT  FROM  EASTERN. 

a.  Society,  hot  solitude. 

b.  Climate. 

c.  East  as  a  warning. 

d.  Practical  nature. 

V.  ST.  BENEDICT  AND  HIS  RULE.      (Montalembert,  Bk.  IV. ) 

a.  Life  of  Benedict. 

b.  Character  and  provisions  of  his  Rule. 

c.  Supremacy  of  this  Rule. 

VI.  CA8SI0D0RUS. 

a.  Life. 

b.  Introduction  of  learning  as  a  monastic  duty. 

VII.  ST.  coLUMBAN.     (Montalembert,  Bk.  VII.) 

a.  Irish  monachism. 

b.  Irish  missions. 

c.  Life  of  Col um ban. 

d.  Effects  of  his  missions. 

e.  Destruction  by  Boniface. 

CONCLUSION.       WESTERN    MONACHISM    TRAINED   THE   STRONG   TO    BE 

LEADERS.     Examples. 

PROPER  NAMES,   ETC. 

Bobbio  Lerins  Sarabaite 

Cassianus  Marmoutiers  St.  Gall 

lona  Monte  Cassino 

11.     ROMAN  LAW. 

sources:  Twelve  Tables,  trans,  in  Indiana  series.  Institutes,  trans, 
by  Moyle;  extracts  in  "Fling,"  Vol.  I,  No.  10,  Roman 
Law. 

(14) 


gECONDAKY  WORKS:  ^luirhead:  article  Roman  Law  in  Brilannica, 
also  published  separately,  best  treatise  and  copious  bib- 
liography,    Bryce:  Studies  in  History  and  Jurisprudence.         .  y 
Sheldon  Amos:  Roman  Civil  Law.     Morey :  Romun  Law.   -  ^  •  Zjr* 
Gibbon,  ch.  44.  /  /      "T""*^     J^^      ,        '.      ,.    ^ 

INTRODUCTION.       SOURCES  OF  EARLY  LAW.  J    " 

Fas.     Jus.     Boni  mores. 
Family  and  patria  potestas. 

I.  EARLY    LAW. 

Law  and  religion. 

Struggle  for  equal  privileges.  ' 

1.  Restriction  of  power  of  magistrates. 

2.  Equal  laws. 

Revision,  codification,  publication  necessary. 

II.  TWELVE  TABLES,    c.  450  B.  C.     (Howc:  Sludics,  Appendix  A.) 

a.  Commission  of  decemvirs. 

b.  Sources. 

c.  Characteristics.     Did  not  include  all  law. 

d.  Interpretation. 
Reverence  in  late  republic. 

e.  Added  to  by  numerous  acts  of  senate  and  people,  and 
by  custom. 

The  whole  mass  reconciled  and  modified  by  iii,  iv,  v. 

III.  DECISIONS  AND  EDICTS  OF  THE  PRAETORS. 

a.  Praetor  urbanv^,  c.  366  B.  C. 

"  Living  voice  of  the  civil  law." 

His  method  of  procedure:  subtleties  and  fictions.      Did 

not  himself  decide  cases. 

Law  personal,  not  territorial. 

b.  FrsieioT  pereyrinus,  c.  243  B.  C. 
His  province. 

c.  Jus  (jenlium. 
Movement  aided  by 

d.  Praetors  in  provinces,  after  227  B.  C. 
Ediclum  perpetuum  (first  meaning). 
Sources.     Annual  offices.     Eager  study. 

Stoics  tried  to  identify  j(«  gentium  with  jiwi  naturale. 

e.  Changes  due  to  praetors,  up  to  time  of  Empire. 

"a"  borrows  from  "b."     New  displaces  old.     Actual 
changes.     Simplification  and  protection  for  weak. 

(15) 


IV.  SCIENTIFIC  JURISPRUDENCE. 

a.  Study  of  law. 

Law-literature  often  followed  by  praetors. 

b.  Augustus  legalizes  responses  of  patented  lawyers. 

c.  Hadrian  extends  privilege. 

d.  Two  schools,  Proculians  and  Sabinians.     Gradual  ap- 
proach of  two. 

Edictmn  perpetuum  of  Hadrian. 

V.  IMPERIAL  RESCRIPTS  AND  DECREES. 

a.  "  The  will  of  the  emperor  has  the  force  of  law." 

b.  Province  of  the  emperor. 

c.  Aid  from  civilians. 

Excellent  private  law  from  bad  emperors. 
Law  of  citations,  426  A.  D. 

VI.  CODIFICATIONS.      (Bury,   Bk.  IV,  ch.  3.     Sheldon  Amos,  Part 

I,  ch.  4- ;  Part  in,  chs.  1,  2. ) 

a.  Gregorian  and  Hermogenian  codes. 

Dates  resp.  end  of  third  century  and  c.  365. 
Private  origin,  but  statutory  recognition.     Scope. 

b.  Theodosian  code. 

Scope.     Influence  on  barbarian  legislation. 

c.  Romano-barbarian  codes. 

1.  Edidum  Theodorici,  c.  500. 

2.  Lex  romana  Visigothorum  or  Breviarium  Alaricianvm, 
506. 

3.  Lex  romana  Burgundionum,  under  Gundobald. 

d.  Corpus  juris  civilis.      {Contemiporary  Review,  May,  1881.) 

1.  Code,  529.     Revised  edition,  534. 
Commission  of  10  ;  Tribonian  at  head. 
Twelve  books.     Fourteen  months'  work. 

2.  Pandects,  Dec.  533. 
Spirit  of  jurisprudence. 
Commission  of  17.     Three  years'  work. 

3.  Institutes,  Nov.  533. 

Text-book  of  leading  principles.     General  use. 

4.  Novels. 

"  Brass  not  gold." 

Means  of  preserving  pure  text  of  1,  2,  and  3. 

5.  Character  of  Corpus. 
"  Written  reason." 

6.  Some  provisions  showing  attitude  and  changes. 

(16) 


CONCLUSION.       FATE  OF  THE  LAW-BOOKS  OF  JUSTINIAN. 

a.  In  the  East. 

b.  In  the  West. 

Evidences  of  survival  before  1100, 

12.     GERMANIC  LAWS. 

sources:  Salic  Law  in  Henderson:  Documents,  pp.  176-189. 
Translations,  etc.,  Vol.  IV,  No.  4,  Ordeals,  Compurga- 
tion, etc.  Dasent:  Burnt  Njal  Saga.  Thatcher  and  Mc- 
Neal,  Nos.  234-239. 

SECONDARY  w^ORKs:  Lea:  Superstition  and  Force.  Neilson:  THcd 
by  Combat.  Thayer:  Evidence,  etc.,  Part  I.  Emerton, 
Introduction,  ch.  8.  Jenks:  Law  and  Politics.  Hodg- 
kin:  Itcdy,  Vol.  VI. 

INTRODUCTION.       VALUE  OF  KNOWLEDGE  OF  LAWS. 

"  History  of  jurisprudence,  history  of  the  life  of  man." 

I.  LEGES  BARBARORUM. 

a.   Most  important  codes. 

Salica,  Ripuariorum,   Wisigothorum,   Burgundionum,  Sax- 

onum,  Frlsionum,  Edicta  Langobardorum. 
h.   DiSerences  between  these. 

c.  Lex  romana  and  leges  romanae. 

II.  LEADING  TRAITS. 

a.  Personality  of  law. 
Individual  versus  state. 

Law  an  inalienable  possession. 
Preservation  of  laws  of  conquered. 

b.  Conception  of  legal  evidence. 
Burden  of  proof  on  the  negative. 
Idea  that  honor  attainted. 
Reference  to  divine  justice. 

III.  COMPURGATION. 

a.  Resort  to  oath  for  lack  of  evidence. 

b.  Enhancing  value  of  oath. 

1.  By  sacred  objects  (cf.  Styx). 
Ebroin's  oath,  680.     Robert  the  Pious. 

2.  By  wager  of  law. 

Wide-spread  custom,  dating  from  pre-Christian  times, 
adopted  by  Church. 

c.  The  compurgators. 

How  far  responsible.      How  obtained.     Number.    Limi- 


tations in  use. 


(17) 


IV.  ORDEALS. 

a.  Theory. 

b.  Different  kinds. 

c.  The  formulas. 

V.  THE   WAGER  OF  BATTLE. 

a.  Theory. 

b.  Persistence.     Suitability  to  feudal  ideas. 

c.  Used  for  purely  legal  questions. 

VI.  PUNISHMENT  FOR  DEEDS  OF  VIOLENCE. 

a.  Primitive  idea  of  retaliation. 

b.  Advance  in  civilization. 

c.  Valuation  of  all  injuries  (Alfred's  code,  Frisian  law). 

d.  Result,  not  purpose,  considered. 

e.  The  Wergeld. 

Values  of  different  classes  of  persons. 

CONCLUSION.       INFLUENCE  OF  ROMAN  LAW. 

a.  Causing  codes  to  be  written. 

b.  In  new  cases. 

c.  Gradual  influence   in   most   cases,    especially   through 
Church. 

d.  Roman  maxim,  impossibility  of  proving  a  negative, 

^  13.     FUSION  OF  TWO  CIVILIZATIONS. 

INTRODUCTION.       NEED  OF  NEW  BLOOD  IN  THE  NEW  CIVILIZATION. 

Pessimistic  views  of  Salvian.      (Hodgkin:  Italy^BL_I, 

ch._20. )  ^ 

'  I.   WHAT  THE  GERMANS  ADDED.      {Adams :  Civilization,  ch.  5j^ 

a.  Importance  of  the  individual. 

b.  Public  assemblies. 

c.  Elective  monarchy. 

d.  Common  law.  > 

e.  Specific  customs.  /' 

II.  HOW  THE  GERMANS  SETTLED.  / 

:i.    Relative  number.  ' 

h.   Dislike  of  city  life. 

III.  CONTRAST  OF  THE  TWO  CIVILIZATIONS. 

a.  Roman. 

Commerce,  industry,  education,  worship. 

b.  German. 
Agriculture,  chase,  war. 

(18) 


IV.     CONSERVATIVE  ELEMENTS  IN  THE  OLDER. 

a.  The  Church. 

Organization,  missions,  ideals,  St.  Augustine,  Bede. 

b.  The  imperial  idea. 

Awe  which  it  inspired.     Persistence. 

c.  The  Latin  language. 

Use  in  Church  and  in  education. 

d.  The  Roman  law. 

e.  The  city. 

Independence  and  continuity. 

f.  The  villa. 

V.  INTERMIXTURE. 

a.  Mutual  attraction. 

b.  Mutual  need. 

c.  Christianity  of  Franks. 

VI.  ROMAN  INFLUENCE  GREATER  IN 

a.  Language  (in  what  had  been  in  Empire). 

b.  Mechanic  arts. 

c.  Business  arrangements. 

d.  Municipal  affairs. 

e.  Intellectual  and  ecclesiastical  life. 

VII.  GERMAN  INFLUENCE  GREATER  IN 

a.  Military  affairs. 

b.  Political  institutions. 

c.  Judicial  procedure. 

VIII.  RESULTS. 

a.  Fusion  in  Gaul  in  eighth  century  almost  complete. 

b.  New  civilization  less  advanced  than  Roman,  more  ad- 
vanced than  German. 

CONCLUSION.       COMPOSITE  CHARACTER  OF  CIVILIZATION. 

Reflected  in  all  institutions,  e.  g.,  difficulties  in  deter- 
mining origins  of  feudalism. 

14.     MOHAMMED,  571-632  A.  D. 

SOURCES  ;  The  Koran,  translated  by  Palmer  in  Sacred  Books  of  the 
East,  by  Rod  well  and  by  Sale.  Lane-Poole  :  Speeches 
and  Table  Talk  of  the  Prophet  Mohammad.  Lane  :  Selec- 
tions from  the  Kur-an. 

SECONDARY  WORKS  :  The  introductions  to  the  five  books  above  j 

(19) 


Lane-Poole's  is  possibly  the  best  to  begin  with.  B^mont 
and  Monod,  ch.  10.  Muir  :  Life  of  Mahomet.  Bosworth- 
Smith  :  Mohammed  and  Mohammedanism.  Articles  under 
Mohammedanism  in  the  Britannica  by  Wellhausen  and 
Noldeke.  Hughes  :  Dictionary  of  Islam.  Gibbon,  ch. 
50.  Sell  :  Faith  of  Mam,  excellent  for  modern  Moham- 
medanism. 

INTRODUCTION.       ARABIA  IN   "  THE  TIME  OF  IGNORANCE." 

Physical  geography.  Inhabitants  (poetry).  Govern- 
ment.    Religion. 

I.  Mohammed's  preparation. 

Sources.     Youth.     Marriage.     Call  to  preach. 

II.  EARLY  YEARS  IN  MECCA. 

First  converts.     Character  of  preaching.     Success. 

III.  LATER  YEARS  IN  MECCA. 

Change  in  utterances.   Opposition.    ' '  Year  of  mourning. ' ' 

IV.  THE  HEGIRA,   622  A.   D. 

Flight  to  Medina.     Moslem  calendar, 

V.  MOHAMMED  IN  MEDINA. 

Political  and  religious  parties.  The  prophet's  person- 
ality. Changes  in  utterances.  Wars.  "The  Con- 
quest," 630  A.  D.     Embassies.     Last  Days. 

CONCLUSION.       ESTIMATES  OF  MOHAMMED. 

Gibbon.     Carlyle.     Summary. 


PROPER   NAMES,   ETC. 

Abu-Bekr 

Aisheh 

Ali 

El-Amin 

Islam 

Kaaba 

Khadija 
Koreysh 
Omar 

15.     THE  KORAN. 

sources:  as  in  14.    Robinson:  Readings,  pp.  116-120.    "Fling," 
Vol.  II,  No.  3,  Selections  from  the  Koran. 

secondary  works:  as  in  14,  and  Muir:  The  Koran. 

INTRODUCTION.       DEFINITION  OF  KORAN. 
I.     SOURCES. 

How  revealed.     Course  of  revelation.     Derived  elements. 
Preservation  during  Mohammed's  life. 

(20) 


II.  FORM. 

Style.  Dogma  of  the  perfection  of  the  Koran.  Ar- 
rangement.    Length. 

III.  CONTENTS. 

Different  elements.  Religious  teaching.  Practical  pre- 
cepts.    Comparison  with  other  codes. 

IV.  LITERARY  HISTORY. 

Preservation.  Methods  of  interpretation.  Commenta- 
tors.    The  Sunna. 

CONCLUSION.  IMPORTANCE  OF  THIS  BOOK  IN  THE  HISTORY  OF  MAN- 
KIND. 

PROPER  NAMES,  ETC. 

Othman.  Sura.  Zaid. 

16.     CONQUESTS  OF  MOSLEMS. 

SECONDARY  WORKS:  Article  Caliphate  in  Britannica,  Vol.  XVI, 
p.  56L  Bemont  and  Monod,  ch.  11.  Freeman:  His- 
tory and  Conquests  of  the  Saracens.  Lane-Poole:  Moham- 
medan Dynasties,  and  Story  of  the  Moors.  Muir:  Early 
Caliphate.  Arnold :  Preaching  of  Islam,  chs.  3-5.  Bury. 
Oman:  Byzantine  E7)ipire.    Gibbon,  chs.  51,  52.    Hughes. 

INTRODUCTION.       RISE  OF  THE  CALIPHATE. 

Meaning  of  Caliph.     His  office. 

I.  EARLY  CONQUESTS  IN  THE  EAST. 

a.  Syria  and  neighboring  lands,  634-649. 

Jerusalem,  637.     Armenia,  646.     Cyprus,  647.     Crete 

and  Rhodes,  649. 

Causes  :  weakness  of  Heraclius,  and  Arab  population. 

b.  Persia,  636-642. 

History  from  226  A.  D.  Civilization.  Decline  due  to 
state  of  religion,  absolutism,  and  defeats  by  East-Roman 
Empire. 

c.  Egypt,  639-641. 

Weakness,  due  to  religious  differences  and  political  dis- 

affections. 

(Tale  of  Alexandrian  library. ) 

II.  INTERNAL  STRIFE. 

a.    "  War  of  the  Camel."     Ommiads  and  AH  (d.  660). 
Sunnites  and  Shiites. 

(21) 


b.   Ommiads  at  Damascus. 

Medina  and  Mecca  sacked.     Arabia  subjugated,  692. 
Changes  in  religion,  government  and  civilization. 

III.  CONQUESTS  IN  THE  WEST. 

a.  Africa,  697-708. 

Resistance  of  the  Berbers  and  its  results. 

b.  Spain,  711.      {Bradley:  Goths,  ch.  35.) 

Story  of  treachery.  Fate  of  Tarik  and  Mousa.  Narbonne, 
719,  Bordeaux,  731,  Poitiers,  732.  New  invasion  and 
sack  of  Lyons,  743.  Checked  by  revolt  of  the  Berbers 
and  impossibility  of  getting  recruits. 

c.  Repulse  at  Constantinople,  717-719.     Defeat  in  Phrygia, 
740. 

IV.  INTERNAL  CHANGES. 

a.  Caliphs  at  Medina.      {Midr,  Caliphate. ) 
Elective,  theocratic,  democratic. 

b.  Ommiads  at  Damascus. 

Hereditary,  bureaucratic,  Persian  influence. 

c.  Abbassides  at  Bagdad,  762. 
Persian,  absolute. 

Sects.  Viziers.  ''1001  Nights."  Philosophy  and 
learning. 

V.  DIVISIONS. 

786-833,  period  of  greatest  glory. 

3  caliphates.     Capitals:  Bagdad,  Cairo,  Cordova. 

New  doctrines.     (Assassins,  eleventh  century. ) 

1033,  7  Spanish  kingdoms. 

1055,  Seljukian  Turks  at  Bagdad. 

CONCLUSION.        PARALLELS    BETWEEN    MOHAMMEDAN    AND    ROMAN, 
AND  MOHAMMEDAN  AND  FRANKISH  HISTORY. 

PROPER  NAMES. 

Abd-er-Rahman         Haroun-al-Raschid         Xeres  de  la 
Abbul-Abbas  Merwan  Frontera      |^ 

Fatima  Muawwiyah  ^         ^tA 


^>^' 


17.     THE  FRANKS. 

sources:  Donation  of  Constantine  and  Salic  Law  in  Henderson: 
Documents.  Translations,  etc..  Vol.  II,  No.  7,  St. 
Columban.  Robinson:  Readings,  pp.  120-124.  Thatcher 
and  McNeal,  Nos.  5,  6.  \„^ 

SECONDARY  WORKS:  Robinsou,  ch.  6.     B6mont  and  Monod,  chs. 

(22) 


\ 


6  and  7.     Emerton:  Introduction,  chs.  7,   10,   and  12 
Adams:  French  Nation,  and   Civilization,  ch.  7.     Munro 
andSellery,  pp.  60-86,  114-128.     Henderson:  Germjjjiy, 
chs.    3,   4.     Kitchini_^B:a»wg;   Vol.   I,  ^S^TT,   Part  I, 
chs.  1-2.     Bryce,  ch.  4.     Oman:  Europe,  chs.  17,  19. 

INTRODUCTION.       WHY  THE  HISTORY  OF  THE  FRANKS  IS  ESPECIALLY 
IMPORTANT. 

I.  THE  FRANKISH  KINGDOMS,   VI  AND  VII  CENTURIES. 

a.  Extent. 

b.  Burgundy,  Neustria,  Austrasia. 

c.  Civil  wars.     Fredegundis  and  Brunhildis. 

d.  The  government. 
6.  Classes  of  persons. 

II.  RISE  OF  THE  MAJOR  DOMUS. 

a.  Decline  of  the  Merovingians. 

b.  Evolution  of  the  Major  domus. 

1.  Origin  of  the  office. 

2.  Development  of  functions. 

3.  The  Arnulfings. 

4.  Battle  of  Testry,  687. 

5.  Pippin,  Dux  Francorum. 

c.  Charles  Martel,  715-741. 

1.  Subjugation  of  "Tyrants." 

2.  Wars  against  Moslems. 

3.  His  power. 

III.  THE  FRANKS  AND  THE  CHURCH, 

a.  Association  earlier. 

b.  Boniface. 

1.  Education  in  England. 

2.  Missionary  activity  in  Gaul  and  Germany. 

3.  Aid  from,  and  to  Charles  Martel. 

4.  Results  of  his  work. 

c.  Position  of  the  Pope  in  Italy. 

1.  Relations  with  Eastern  Empire. 

2.  Relations  with  Lombards. 

d.  The  Pope  and  the  Franks. 

1.  The  appeal  for  aid. 

2.  Pippin,  king,  751. 

Part  which  the  Pope  took. 

3.  Subjection  of  the  Lombards. 

4.  The  Donations  of  Pippin,  Constantine,  Charles. 

(23) 


CONCLUSION.       RESULTS  FOR  THE  PAPACY  FROM  THESE  DONATIONS. 
PROPER   NAMES,   ETC. 

Andelot,  587  Faineant 

Antrustions  Grimoald 

Arnulf  Heristal 

Chlotar  Leudes 

Dagobert  Thierry. 

18.     CHARLES  THE  GREAT.  V;^ 
SOURCES  :  Einhard,  in  Har-Der^SchaaL-Clmeim. — Translations,  etc. , , 

Vol.    VI,^0.    b^LaWS.       RnhjnsQ]]  •     Ppqr^jprjj!^   1^6-149. 

Thatcher  and  McNeal,  Nos.  7,  10,  11,  12. 

SECONDARY  WORKS  :  Robinson,  ch.  7.  Bemont  and  Monod,  ch. 
12.  Munro  :  Middle  Ages,  ch.  2.  Emerton  :  Introduc- 
tion, ch.  13.  Adams  :  Civilization,  pp.  154-169.  Hen- 
derson :  Germany,  pp.  56-70.  Mombert :  Charles. 
Hodgkin  :  Charles.  Sergeant,  ch.  16.  Davis  :  Charle- 
magne. West :  Alcuin.  Gaskoin  :  Alcuin.  Mullinger  : 
Schools.  Oman  :  Europe,  chs.  20,  21.  Hodgkin  :  Italy, 
Vols.  VII-VIII. 

INTRODUCTION.       THE  INFLUENCE   OF   THE  INDIVIDUAL  IN  HISTORY. 

I.  HIS  WARS. 

a.  Constant  activity. 

b.  Roncesvalles. 

c.  Saxon,  the  most  important  (Einhard,  chs.  7,  8). 

d.  Ring  of  the  Huns. 

e.  Other  wars. 

II.  EXTENT  OF  HIS  "  IMPERIUM," 

a.  Use  of  this  word. 

b.  Extent. 

c.  Varied  effectiveness. 

III.  HIS  ADMINISTRATION. 

a.  State  affairs,  in  general. 

b.  Military  matters. 

c.  Private  property.      (Capitulary  ^^  de  villis,''  Translations, 
etc.,  Vol.  Ill,  No.  2.) 

IV.  HIS  LAWS. 

a.  The  national  codes. 

b.  The  capitularies. 

(24) 


HIS  AIM. 

a.   Admiration  of  Roman  civilization. 


(Einhard,  chs.  24.,  25.) 


b.   His  German  nature. 

VI.  HIS  CARE  FOR  EDUCATION. 

a.  Educational  Reform. 

b.  The  Academy. 

c.  The  palace-school.     Alcuin. 

d.  Extension  of  influence. 

e.  Reform  in  writing. 

VII.  HIS  BUILDING  AND  ENGINEERING  PROJECTS. 

Buildings  at  Aachen.     Bridge.     Canal.  • 

VIII.  HIS  CHARACTER. 

Appearance.     Mental  and  moral  characteristics. 

CONCLUSION.       WHY  WE  CALL  CHARLES  GREAT. 


PROPER   NAMES,   ETC. 

Angilbert 

Bremen 

Desiderius 

Halberstadt 

Heerban 


Irmensaule 
Minden 
Osnabriick 
Paderborn 
Paulus  Diaconus 


Roland 

Tassilo 

Theodulf 

Verden 

Widukind 


19.     THE  NEW  EMPIRE. 


^^ 


SOURCES  :  See  18.     Thatcher  and  McNeal,  Nos.  8,  9,  11/  13,  14. 

SECONDARY  WORKS  :  Robinson,  ch.  7.  fe^mont^jamd  Monod, 
ch.  13.  Munro,  ch.  2.  Brynr,  rlhh  4:jl^  Emerton  : 
Introduction,  ch.  14.  Oman:  Europe,  ch/z2.  Ilu^iier- 
soaj — ^^''"mfiVj)' ,  ^bi  1^  Sergeant:  chs.  17-20.  Fisher: 
Medixval  Empire,  Yol.  1.  Mombert.  Hodgkin:  C/iarte. 
Freeman:  Chief  Periods.  Lea:  Studies,  pp.  31-45. 
Gregorovius,  Vol.  II,  pp.  459-509;   Vol.  Ill,  pp.  1-21. 


INTRODUCTION.         ETERNITY     OF    THE     ROMAN     EMPIRE. 

Mediaeval  Empire. ) 

Prophecy  of  Daniel  in  ch.  II,  31-45. 

I.     POSITION  OF  EASTERN  EMPIRE. 

Loss  of  control  in  Italy. 
Crimes  of  Irene. 

(25) 


{Fisher : 


II.  POSITION  OF  CHARLES. 

a.  Alliance  of  Franks  with  Church.      "The  means." 
Charles  patrician. 

b.  His  "imperial"  possessions.     The  "material." 
Alcuin's  Bible. 

c.  Troubles  of  Pope  Leo. 
Necessity  of  action. 

III.  CORONATION,   CHRISTMAS   DAY,   800. 

a.  How  it  was  performed. 

b.  Theories  which  arose. 

c.  Discontent  of  Charles.      {Einhard,  ch.  28. ) 

d.  Results  for  the  papacy,  for  Italy  and  for  the  Franks. 

IV.  Charles's  conception  of  his  position. 

a.  The  two  bases  of  his  power. 

b.  His  ideal. 

Capitulary  of  802.     (Henderson:   Documents.     Transla- 
tions, etc.,  Vol.  VI,  No.  5.) 

c.  Relations  with  the  Church. 
'  ^Episcopus  episcoporum. ' ' 

d.  Relations  with  other  powers. 

Greek  Emperor.     Caliph.     Saxon  King. 

V.  the  imperial  government. 

a.  The  central  power. 

1.  The  court. 

2.  The  palatines,  ministers  and  ministerials. 

3.  The  council. 

b.  Administrative  divisions. 

1.  The  counts. 

2.  The  mwsi  dominici  (Adams :  Civilization,  pp.  159-162. ) 

3.  The  dukes  and  margraves. 

4.  The  bishops. 

c.  The  assemblies. 

d.  The  courts. 

e.  The  finances. 

f.  The  condition  of  the  free  men. 

conclusion.       absolutism  of  CHARLES. 

20.    DECLINE  OF  THE  CAROLINGIAN  EMPIRE,  814-888. 

SOURCES  :  Thatcher  and  McNeal,  Nos.  16-19,  22,  24,  25. 

SECONDARY  WORKS  :  Robiuson,  ch.  8.  Bemont  and  Monod,  ch. 
14.  Munro,  ch.  4.  Emerton  ;  Medieval  Europe,  chs. 
1,  2.      Bryce^   ch.   6.     Henderson  :   Germany,  chs.  6,  7. 

(26) 


Oman  :  Europe,  chs.  23-36.  Sergeant,  chs.  21,  22. 
Adams:  Civilization,  ch.  8,  and  French  Nation,  chs.  4,  5. 
Cunningham:  Western  Civilization,  Vol.  II,  pp.  40-54. 
Hassall:  French  People,  ch.  3.  Sheppard,  ch.  9.  Dnniv. 
ch8^9.  10,  iD^^itchin.  Bk.  II,  Pt.  II,  chs.-SfT" 
Barry:  Papal  Monarchy. 

INTRODUCTION.       EMPIRE,  WORK  OF  CHARLES  THE  GREAT, 

a.  Difficulties  which  he  had  surmounted. 

b.  Principles  on  which  the  Empire  rested. 

I.  CAUSES  OF  DISSOLUTION. 

a.  Great  officials. 

b.  Nationalities. 

c.  Union  of  Church  and  State. 

d.  Exhaustion  of  Franks. 

e.  Difficulties  of  communication. 

f.  Principle  of  division. 

II.  LEWIS  THE  PIOUS,   OR  DEBONAIR,   778-840. 

a.  Character.     Contrast  with  Charles. 

Trained  by  Benedict  of  Aniani.     Scholarship.     Piety. 
Subserviency  to  the  Church.     Coronation,   816.     Pen- 
ance of  Attigny,  822. 

b.  Hostility  which  he  provoked. 

c.  Marriage  with  Judith. 

III.  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  EMPIRE. 

a.    Division  of  806.     {Translations,  etc..  Vol.  VI,  No.  5.) 
h.   Division  of  817.      (Henderson:  Documents,  pp.  301-207.) 
Rebellion  of  Bernard.     Birth  of  Charles  (the  Bald),  822. 

c.  Division  of  829. 

d.  Division  of  833.      "  Field  of  Lies." 

e.  Division  of  839. 

(6  divisions,  817-840.) 

IV.  PARTITION  OF  VERDUN. 

a.  Battle  of  Fontenay,  841. 

b.  Oaths  of  Strassburg,  842.  Emerton :  Europe,  pp.  25-28 ; 
Munro,  p.  20. ) 

c.  Verdun,  843.     Meaning.  Oman:  Europe,  pp.  4-09-Jf-ll-) 

V.  RISE  OF  NEW   KINGDOMS. 

1.  East  Frankish,  to  918. 

a.   What  it  included.     Real  strength. 

(27) 


b.  Council  of  Mayence,  847. 

c.  Treaty  of  Mersen,  870. 

d.  Lack  of  unity. 

Duchies  :    Bavaria,   Suabia,    Franconia,   Saxony    (Lor- 
raine).    Marches:  Pannonia  (Austria),  Carinthia,  Bo- 
hemia, Thuringia,  Dania,  Schleswig,  Rhetia. 
Differences  in  law,  language,  customs. 

2.  Italy. 

a.  Lack  of  unity.     Inhabitants. 

b.  Political  division.     Lay  vs.  ecclesiastical  power, 

3.  West  Prankish. 

a.  Limits  by  Verdun. 

b.  Charles  the  Bald. 

c.  Capitulary  of  Kiersey.     (Translations,  etc.,    Vol.  IV, 
No.  3.) 

d.  Invasions. 

e.  Rise  of  the  dukes  of  France. 

f.  The  last  Carolingians. 

4.  Lorraine. 

5.  Burgundy. 

6.  Provence. 

7.  Navarre. 

In  all  7,  triumph  of  aristocracy,  elective  principle,  in- 
vasions. 

CONCLUSION.     Fate  of  the  imperial  title. 

PROPER  NAMES,   ETC. 

Andernach 

Arnulf 

Lech 

Louis  d'Outremer 

Magyars 

21.     NORTHMEN  AND  NORMANS. 

sources:  Robinson:  Readings,  pp.  152-170.  Heimskringla  of 
Snorri  Sturluson.  Corpus  poeticum  boreale.  In  Bohn, 
for  Normandy,  Ordericus  Vitalis;  for  England,  Anglo- 
Saxon  Chronicle,  William  of  Malmesbury,  Florence  of 
Worcester.  Powell:  Alfred  and  the  Danes.  Colby,  pp. 
19-26,  29-36.     Dasent.    Bayeux  Tapestry. 

secondary  works:  Bemont  and  Monod,  ch.  15.  Munro,  ch.  4. 
Johnson :  Normans.  Oman :  Art  of  War,  Book  III,  chs. 
2    and    3.       Articles    on    Normandy   and    Normans.. in 


(28) 


Boso 

Eudes 

Dyle 

Laon 

Saucourt 

Tribur 

Soissons 

Welf 

Britannica.  Groon!  Englijh  PnupL,  Book  I.  ch.  3,  and 
Conquest  of  Englarid.  Freeman:  Norman  Conquest. 
Keary:  Vikings.  Kitchim*^pW~I.  Joyce:  Short  Histcmj 
of  Ireland.     r)n  njifTJIln-    t\^;,>.j.  ,^j>^ 

INTRODUCTION.       THE  NORTHMEN.  |"f  i  M     ^X        ^  ^n.'-*-^^ 

Home,  character,  religion,  government. 

I.  MIGRATIONS. 

a.  Causes. 

b.  Methods. 

Vessels,  vikings,  character  of  raid. 
Settlements  in  rivers. 

c.  Ireland,  795. 

II.  THE  NORTHMEN  IN  PRANKISH  REALM. 

a.   Rouen,  842;  Saucourt,  881;  Paris,  885-886..    Frisia. 
Consequences  of  their  invasions. 

b'.  Normandy. 

Change  in  civilization.  Piety.  Characteristics  of  Nor- 
mans. 

III.  ENGLAND  AND  THE  NORTHMEN. 

a.  Danish  invasions  in  the  first  half  of  the  eighth  century. 

b.  The  Danelagh. 

c.  Alfred  and  the  Danes.     {Plummer:  Alfred.) 

d.  Danish  conquest,  1017. 

e.  Norman   conquest,    1066.      (Freeman:   William  the  Con- 
queror. ) 

f.  Northmen  in  Ireland,  Scotland  and  the  isles. 

IV.  NORMANS  IN  ITALY. 

a.  First  settlements. 

b.  The  Normans  and  the  Pope. 

c.  The  Normans  and  the  Greek  Empire. 

d.  The  Normans  and  the  Western  Empire. 

V.  OTHER  VENTURES  OF  THE  NORTHMEN  AND  NORMANS. 

a.  Constantinople.     Varangian  guard. 

b.  Russia.     Name. 

c.  Spain.     Ill  success. 

CONCLUSION.       WHY  THEY  HAVE  BEEN  ABSORBED. 
PROPER  NAME!^,   ETC. 

^thelred         Dunstan  Rollo  (Hrolf) 

Assandun        Ecgberht  Senlac 

(29) 


Cnut  Ethandun  Swegen  (Svend) 

Croyland  GuiH(;ard  Tuncred 

Drogo  Ragnar  [^(jdljrog    Wodmore. 

22.    fp:udallsm. 

sources:  Teans^Ja^jnnf^^  oir  ^  Vr>1  IV,  JSf).  3,  DocumenlH  UlvMra- 
tive  of  Fevjlnlirm.  Robiuiiujx^  Hmrtrntjs,  pp.  171-186. 
"Fling,"   Vol.    IT,    No.    5,    Feudalism.     ""I'hrrtdiar-jnvd 

SECONDARY  WORKS:  Roblnst^^  ch.  '.). ]J<jmont  and  Monod,  ch. 

16.  V^T^njBllQml'izati.O'n,  chT^dj  Emerton:  fntrodudion, 
ch.  10,  *  and  Mediaeval  Europe,  ch.  14.  Munro,  cli.  5. 
Munro  and  Scllcry,  pp.  18-33,  159-211.  Ikm:  Uie. 
Feudal  liegirne.  Article  on  Feudalmn  in  BriUmnica. 
A'damH:  in  A'ndover  Review,  Vol.  VII.  SlujjjiK,-  (himtitu- 
tMj:uiU^r-iflMjry,(^u\.  I,  §  93./  Mortet:  Article  FeodtdUr,, 
in  [m  Grande  Encyclopedie.  Oman:  Art  of  War,  \)\). 
510-553. 

INTRODUCTION.       WHAT  IS  MEANT  BY  'J'HE  TERM. 

I.  CAUSES. 

a.  Older  institutions. 

b.  General  conditions  of  society. 

II.  ELEMENTS. 

a.  Con^irnendation. 

b.  Jienefice. 

c.  Immunity. 

III.  CLASSES. 

a.  Suzerain  and  vassal. 

b.  Subinfeudation. 

c.  Complications. 

IV.  FEUDAL  INSTITUTIONS. 

a.  Fiefs.     Different  kinds. 

b.  Homage  and  fealty. 

c.  General  duties  of  lords  and  vassals. 

d.  Special  rights  of  lords. 

1.  Over  marriages. 

2.  Wardship. 

3.  Reliefs. 

4.  Aids. 

5.  Coinage. 

6.  Miscellaneous. 

(30) 


0 


> 


^ 


e.  jNIilitary  duty  of  vassals. 

f.  Feudal  justice. 

g.  Forfeiture. 

CONCLUSION.       GOOD  AND  EVIL  OF  FEUDALISM. 
PROPER  NAMES,   ETC. 

Allodial  Precaria  Scutage 

23.     THE  CHURCH  IN  THE  NINTH  AND  TENTH 

CENTURIES. 

sources:  Translations,  etc.,  Vol.  IV,  No.  4,  Excommunicaiion, 
Interdict,  etc.  Robinson:  Readings,  pp.  86-97,  250-260. 
Thatcher  and  McNeal,  pp.  82-121. 

SECONDARY  WORKS  :  Emerton  :  Europe,  chs.  2  and  4.  Lea : 
Studies.  Milman,  Book  V,  chs.  4-7.  Cunningham  : 
Western  Civilization,  pp.  17-40.  Munro,  ch.  3.  Munro 
and  Sellery,  pp.  114-152.  Keary,  ch.  16.  Green  : 
Making  of  England,  pp.  335-370.  Gregoroviue-.  YrA. 
Ill,  pp.  120-155.  Montalambert.  Eckenstein.  Church 
Histories. 

1.     THE  PAPACY. 

a.  Position  in  the  time  of  Lewis  the  Pious  and  his, successors. 

b.  The  patrimony  of  St.  Peter. 

1.  What  it  was  in  the  beginning. 

2.  Donations  of  Pippin,  Constantine,  Charles  the  Great. 

3.  Donations  of  weak  emperors. 

4.  Donations  of  Otto  the  Great  and  later  emperors. 

c.  The  Pseudo-Isidorian  Decretals. 

1.  Weakness  of  earlier  collections. 

2.  How  the  collection  was  formed. 

3.  What  it  contained. 

4.  Probable  date. 

5.  Characteristics  and  aims. 

6.  Anachronisms. 

d.  Nicholas  I.      (Gregorovius,   Vol.  Ill,  pp.  120-155.) 
His  struggles. 

1.  Ignatius  and  Photius. 

2.  Hincmar. 

3.  Lothair. 

e.  Papacy  to  963. 

1.  Conditions  in  Rome. 

2.  Parties  contending  for  control. 

3.  Results  for  the  papacy. 

(31) 


4.  Typical  characters  and  incidents.     {Gregorovius,  Vol. 
Ill,  pp.  22J^-229. ) 

II.  THE  CHURCH  AS  AN  INSTITUTION. 

a.  Its  organization. 

1.  The  popes. 

2.  The  secular  clergy. 

3.  The  regular  clergy. 

4.  The  laity. 

b.  Its  means  of  control. 

1.  Penance.      (Robinson,  pp.  211-213.) 

2.  Terror. 

3.  Excommunication.      (Lea:  Studies.) 

4.  Interdict.     (Hoivland,  in  Report  of  Am.   Hist.  Ass., 
1899,   Vol.  I,  pp.  Jf81-U8. ) 

c.  Its  revenues. 

1.  Property, 
Feudal  dues. 

2.  Donations. 
Mortmain. 

3.  Tithes  and  fees. 

III.  MONASTICISM. 

a.  Spread  and  influence. 

b.  Services.      (Cunningham:    Western    Civilization,     Vol.  II, 
§  82.     Reprinted  in  Munro  and  Sellery. ) 

1.  Economic. 

2.  Literary. 

3.  Social. 

c.  Cluny   and   its   reforms.      (Henderson:   Documents,   pp. 
329-833,  and  ''Fling,''  Vol.  II,  I^o.  6.      Tout,  ch.  5.) 

CONCLUSION.     FABLE  OF  THE  YEAR  1000.      (Burr,  in  Am.  Hist. 
Review,  Vol.  VI,  pp.  Jf.29-J^39. ) 

PROPER  NAMES,  ETC. 

Camaldoli  Marozia  Romuald , 

24.     THE  GERMAN-ROMAN  EMPIRE. 

sources:  V\,oh\ns,on:'  Readings,  pp.  245-250.     Thatcher  and  IMc- 

Neal,  pp.  69-81. 
SECONDARY  WORKS.:  Brycc,   chs.   7-9.     Emerton:  Europe,   chs. 

3-6.     Tout,  chs.  2  and  3.     Robinson,  ch.  12.     Bemont 

and    Monod,    ch.     17.      Adams:    Civilization,    ch.    10. 

Henderson:    Germany,     chs.     8-13.     Munro,     ch.     6, 

r^b  (32) 


Fisher:  Mediaeval  Empire,  ch.  1.  Freeman:  Holy  Roman 
Empire,  in  Essays,  Vol.  I.  Milman,  Books  V  and  VI. 
Gregorovius,  Vols.  Ill  and  IV.  Allen:  Pajjc  Sylvester 
II,  in  English  Historical  Review,  October,  1892. 

INTEODUCTION.       FATE  OF  THE  IMPERIAL  TITLE  IN  THE   FIRST  HALF 
OF  THE  TENTH  CENTURY. 

I.  CONDITIONS  IN  ROME, 

II.  THE  NEW  GERMAN  KINGDOM. 

a.  The  duchies. 

b.  The  nobles,  lay  and  ecclesiastical. 

c.  Policy  of  the  different  kings. 

d.  The  centralization  of  power. 

III.  OTTO  THE  GREAT. 

a.  Consolidation  of  his  power. 

b.  Interference  in  Italy. 

c.  Coronation,  962. 

IV.  CONTRAST  WITH  EMPIRE  OF  CHARLES  THE  GREAT. 

a.  Extent. 

b.  Administration. 

c.  Ideals. 

d.  Relations  with  the  papacy. 

e.  Relations  with  the  Greek  Empire. 

V.  OTTO  II  AND  OTTO  III,  THE   "  WONDER  OF  THE  WORLD." 

a.  Conditions  which  controlled  their  activity. 

b.  Italy. 

c.  The  papacy. 

Gerbert  as  Sylvester  II. 

VI.  EMPIRE  TO  1056. 

a.  German  interests. 

b.  Conquest  of  Burgundy. 

c.  Henry  III,  1039-1056. 

1.  His  position  in  Germany. 

2.  The  Council  of  Sutri. 
Condition  of  papacy. 
Appeal  to  Henry. 
Action  of  the  Council. 

3.  The  German  popes. 

(33) 


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I 


CONCLUSION.  ADVANTAGES  OF  THE  INTIMATE  ASSOCIATION  OF 
EMPERORS  AND  POPES. 

PROPER  NAMES,   ETC. 

Adelaide  Crescentius  Liiitprand 

Aries  Gnesen  Theophano 

Berengar  Herman  Billung 

Bruno  Lechfeld 

25.     THE  INVESTITURE  STRUGGLE. 

sources:  Henderson:  Documents,  pp.  361-409.  Robinson:  Read- 
ings, pp.  266-293.    Thatcher  and  McNeal,  pp.  121-166. 

SECONDARY  WORKS:  Br^[cej^_ch^._li).  Emerton:  Europe,  chs.  7 
and  8.  Henderson:  Germany,  ch.  14.  Tout,  ch.  6. 
Robinson,  ch.  13.  iJemont  arldri^Tonod,  ch.  18.  Mupio, 
ch.  7.  Milman,  Book  VII.  Stephens:  Hildehrand. 
GrTgorovius,  Vol.  IV,  Bk.  VII,  chs.  4-7;  Bk.  VIII, 
chs.  1-2.      Church  Histories. 

INTRODUCTION.       EVILS  FROM  WHICH  THE  CHURCH  WAS  SUFFERING. 

Simony.     Illicit  relations  of  clergy. 

I.  LEO  IX  AND  HIS  FRENCH  POLICY. 

Fore-runner  of  the  great  strife. 

a.  What  he  attained. 

b.  Why  he  chose  France. 

c.  Why  he  accomplished  no  more. 

II.  HILDEBRAND,   1046-1073.    ^  / 

a.  Origin  and  early  life,  i^  '^  '^ 

b.  Position  and  activity,  to  1073. 

c.  New  strength  of  papacy. 
Electoral  decree.     Cardinals. 

in.    HENRY  IV,  1056-1106. 

a.  Evils  of  his  minority.  .  , 

b.  Character.  •  / ./,_  *  ,  nA-^.oAL^, " i->i^  U)  .(H^^fr' 

c.  The  Saxon  war.  -^t^tu^  J^^  ^''^ 

IV.     GREGORY  VII,    1073-1085.       ' 

a.  Efforts  for  reform.  -^ 
Celibacy.     Simony. 

b.  Lay  investiture. 

Double  position  of  church  officials.  .^  j?  %u,*<A^  * 

Gregory's  aims.  _  n  JLuJ-<^'^^-^^'^^      v 

Decree  against  lay  investiture.  ^  ^  ' 

(34) 


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m-;i  f^  f 


I 


y^ijuij^  fmtif^  luld^yi^  ^du^ 


nAAAC^yC^  - 


X^^one^ 


^j^::^^,ji^  ^ 


im/p^ 


^j^^ 


J 


'■  ■"^^•^fZ^"^^ 


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a/cJ>^ 


THE  STRUGGLE. 


a.    Deposition  of  Gregory  by  Henry.  ao/jU/ 

b. 

c. 


b.   Excommunication  and  depositiop^of  Henry.       sld^^^'^^  ^*^^''—  -'/v 
-    Canossa,  1077.    -^  vOU/Wt   -uAfy^  u>  .vu,^^^  f  ^/j//? 

Meaning  and  importance^ '^f '^  T^    *i  &U  S^f^  •  ^J^^'^ 

d.  Election  of  anti-king  and  anti-pope.  /     /  •.  /■J^.L  b^  . 

e.  Capture  of  Rome.    ^  ^  ^      (^2,/m^f  ^  ^  ^V  ^ 

f.  Death  of  Gregory.     Reported  death-saying.  ij 

g.  Later  strife  under  Hen^IV  and  Henry  V. 
h.  Concordat  of  Worms,  W12. 
i.    Compromise   in   England.      {Gee  and   Hardy,  p.    63; 

Johnson,  p.  10. ) 
j.   Relative  in  effectiveness  of  compromises.  .  , 

CONCLUSION.       MENTAL  FERMENT  AROUSED  BY  THIS  STRIFE.  ^  -4*^*^?,  %)^ 

PROPER  NAMES,   ETC.  ,        jJ^^oM^ 

Harzburg  Pataria  Tribur 


I 


^t 


Oppenheim  Salerno  Unstrut   ^  -  » -^ 

26.     CHIVALRY.  '     5»J^ 

sources:  Froissart:  Chronicles.      "Fling,"  Vol.  II,  No.  4,  Chiv- 
alry and  the  Mode  of  Warfare. 

SECONDARY  WORKS  :  Muuro,  ch.  13.  Munro  and  Sellery,  pp. 
240-247.  Gautier:  Chivalry.  Oman  :  A7-f  of  War 
Cornish  :  Chivalry.  Catholic  University  Bidleiin,  Vol. 
VIII,  pp.  317-339.  Wright:  Womankind,  Domestic 
Manners,  and  Homes  of  Other  Days.  Kitchin.  Clarke: 
Military  Architecture.  Viollet-le-Duc  :  Annals  of  a  For- 
tress. .  '>;^ 

'  ^^    ■  ^ 

INTRODUCTION.       INTIMATE   ASSOCIATION  OF  FEUD^A^HJ  BBfclGIOUS 
IDEAS. 

I.  SOURCES. 

a.  German  elements. 

b.  Christian  elements. 

II.  EDUCATION  OF  THE  KNIGHT. 

(No  one  born  knight.) 

a.  As  page. 

b.  As  squire. 

The  gay  sciences. 

III.  CEREMONY  IN  ADMISSION  INTO  KNIGHTHOOD. 

Mixture  of  Christian  and  early  German  usages. 
(35) 


IV.  IDEALS  OF  THE  KNIGHT. 

Fraternity,  honor,  protection,  inviolability  of  oaths  and 
heralds,  fidelity,  bravery. 

V.  REALITY. 

Typical  actions.      Richard  the  Lion-Hearted. 

VI.  THE  HOME  OF  THE  KNIGHT. 

a.  Construction  of  the  castle. 

b.  Life  in  the  castle.      (Archer  and  Kingsford,  ch.  19. ) 
]N[eals.     Occupations.     Amusements.     Minstrels. 

VII.  METHODS  OF  WARFARE. 

a.  Adaptation  of  Roman  methods. 

b.  Use  of  cavalry. 

c.  Arms  and  armor.      {Archer  and  Kingsford,  ch.  23.) 

d.  Siegecraft. 

e.  Development  of  long-bow. 

VIII.  CUSTOMS. 

a.  Truce  of  God.     {Henderson:  Documents,  and  Translations, 
etc.,  Vol.  I,  No.  2.) 

b.  Wager  of  battle.      (  Translations,  etc. ,  Vol.  IV,  No.  4- ) 

c.  Knight-errantry. 

d.  Jousts  and  tournaments. 

e.  Courts  of  love. 

CONCLUSION.       IMPORTANCE  OF  IDEALS  FOR  FUTURE  CIVILIZATION. 
PROPER  NAMES,   ETC. 

Balista  Hauberk  Springal 

Donjon  Lorica  Trebuchet 

Gambeson  Mangon  Wambais 

27.     THE  BYZANTINE  EMPIRE. 
sources:  Henderson:  Documents,  Appendix. 

SECONDARY  WORKS:  Munro  and  Sellery,  pp.  87-113,  212-223. 
Harrison:  Meaning  of  History,  chs.  11  and  12;  Early 
Byzantine  History.  Oman:  Byzantine  Empire,  chs.  9-20; 
Dark  Ages,  ch.  28;  Art  of  War,  Book  IV,  ch.  4,  Book  V. 
Tout,  ch,  7.  Bemont  and  Monod,  ch.  21.  Freeman, 
Essays,  Vol.  III.  Munro,  ch.  10,  Lavisse  et  Ram- 
baud,  Vol.  I,  ch,  13.  Finlay:  Ch'eece.  Bury,  in  English 
Historical  Review,  Vol.  IV,  pp.  41-64,  251-285.     Brooks, 

(36) 


in   English   Historical   Review,    Vol.    XV,    pp.    728-747. 
Bury:  Later  Roman  Empire. 

INTRODUCTION.     Finlay's  3  divisions. 

I.  HISTORY  TO  1095. 

a.  False  estimates. 
Gibbon.     Taine. 

b.  "Constant  vitality  and  power  of  revival." 

c.  Heraclius  and  his  family,  610-717. 
Wars  and  anarchy. 

Arab  conquests  an  index  of  strength. 

d.  The  Isaurians,  717-813.      (Leo  III,  717-741.) 
Iconoclasm. 

e.  The  Armenians,  813-867.     (Leo  V,  813-820.) 

f.  The  Macedonians,  867-1057.      (Basil  I,  867-886.) 
The  first  Bulgarian  Empire,  893-1014. 
Conversion  of  the  Russians. 

g.  The  Comneni. 
Norman  attacks. 
Advance  of  Seljuks. 

Difficulties  of  Alexius  I,  1081-1118. 

II.  WHY  THIS  HISTORY  IS  COMPARATIVELY  UNINTERESTING. 

a.  Ludicrous  side. 

b.  Conservatism. 

c.  History  of  a  government,  not  of  a  people. 
Confusion  of  civil  and  military  power. 
Despotism  tempered  by  succession  and  Church. 

d.  History  of  a  city,   and   not  a  free  city.      (cf.    Roman 
history. ) 

III.  SERVICES. 

a.  Bulwark  of  Europe. 

b.  Preservation  of  Greek  and  Roman  culture. 

c.  Maintenance  of  European  commerce. 

d.  Preservation  of  idea  of  Roman  Empire. 

e.  Embodiment  of  principle  of  permanence. 

f.  Civilizer  of  Eastern  Europe. 

CONCLUSION.       POSITION  OF  CONSTANTINOPLE. 

a.  Enabled  it  to  perform  these  services. 

b.  Eastern  question  to-day. 

PROPER   NAMES,   ETC. 

Manzikert  Photius  Psellus 

Paulicians  Porphyrogennetos       Xiphilin 

(37) 


28.     THE  SARACEN  CIVILIZATION. 

sources:  Arabian  Nights. 

SECONDARY   WORKS  :    Munro,    ch.   9.     Munro  and  Seller}-,   pp. 

224-239.     Lane  :  Arabian  Society.     Oilman  :    Saracens. 

Lane-Poole  :  Moors.     Watts  :   Christian  Recovery^  chs.  1 

and  2.     Ameer  Ali,  chs.  25  and  3L     Oibbon,  ch.  52. 

Burke  :  Spain.     Lavisse  et  Rambaud,  Vol.   I,  ch.    15. 

Le  Strange  :  Palestine. 

INTRODUCTION.       POSSESSIONS  OF  ISLAM,   1000  A.    D. 

a.  Reconquests  of  the  Christians. 

b.  TheSeljuks. 

I.  sources: 

a.  Arabic,  Persian,  Jewish,  Greek,  Indian. 

b.  Intermediate  role. 

II.  LINES  OF  greatest  ADVANCE. 

a.  Tolerance. 

b.  Agriculture. 
Irrigation.     Arab  Spain. 

c.  Medicine  and  the  natural  sciences. 
Panacea.     Philosopher's  stone.     Elixir. 

d.  Commerce  and  traveling. 
Noted  travelers. 

e.  Mathematics. 
Arabic  figures. 

f.  System  of  education. 

III.  WEALTH. 

a.  Bagdad,  Cordova. 

b.  Refinement. 

CONCLUSION.       OUR  DEBT  TO  THIS  CIVILIZATION. 

Words  from  Arabic. 

29.     THE  CRUSADES. 

sources:  Archer:  Orusade  of  Richard  I.  Chronicles  of  the  Crusades, 
and  Wright:  Early  Travels  in  Palestine,  in  Bohn.  ^lunro 
and  Sellery,  pp.  257-268.  Tran.'^lations,  etc.  Vol.  I, 
No.  2,  Urban  and  the  Crusaders,  No.  4,  Letters  of  the 
Crusaders,  Vol.  Ill,  No.  1,  The  Fourth  Crusade.  Thatcher 
and  McNeal,  pp.  510-544.  Henderson:  Documents,  pp. 
333-344. 

SECONDARY  WORKS :  Archcr  and  Kingsford :  Crusades.  Tout,  chs. 
8,    13,    15,    19.     Munro,  ch.    11.     Adams  :   Civilization, 

(38) 


ch.  11.  Beraoiit  and  Monod,  ch.  22.  Robinson,  ch. 
15.  Munro  and  Sellery,  pp.  246-256,  269-276.  Sybel: 
History  and  Literature.  Essays  on  the  Crusades,  by  Munro, 
Prutz,  and  Diehl.  Conder:  Latin  Kingdom  of  Jerusalem. 
Oman:  Byzantine  Empire,  chs.  21-23; "ylr<  of  llVir,  Book 
V.  Finlay,  Vol.  Ill,  IV.  Lavisse  et  Rambaiid,  Vol. 
II,  ch.  6. 

INTRODUCTION.      CONTRAST  OF  WESTERN  CIVILIZATION  WITH  BYZAN- 
TINE AND  SARACEN. 

I.  CONCEPTION  OF  THE  CRUSADES. 

a.  Episode  in  the  struggle  between  the  East  and  the  West. 

b.  Not  fanatical  attempts,  or  Vblkerivanderungen,  or  mere 
outgrowths  of  pilgrimage. 

II.  CAUSES. 

a.  The  Turks  (appeal  of  Alexius). 

b.  Conditions  in  the  West. 

1.  Piety. 

2.  Pilgrimage. 

3.  Love  of  war  and  adventure. 

4.  Ambition. 

5.  Poverty. 

c.  Speech  of  Urban  II  at  Clermont. 

1.  His  arguments. 

2.  Enthusiasm. 

d.  Preaching  of  Peter  the  Hermit. 

III.  THE  FIRST  CRUSADE. 

a.  Undisciplined  bands. 

Leaders.     Persecutions  of  Jews.     Fate. 

b.  The  real  army. 

1.  The  leaders. 

Character  of  host.     Lack  of  unity  and  discipline. 

2.  Alexius  and  the  crusaders. 

3.  Capture  of  Nicaea. 

4.  Siege  of  Antioch. 

5.  Capture  of  Jerusalem. 

6.  Election  of  Godfrey. 

c.  Importance  of  this  crusade. 

IV.  THE  KINGDOM  OF  JERUSALEM. 

a.    Geography. 

Size  and  form.  Climate.  Fertility.  Inhabitants. 
Divisions  (political). 

(39) 


b.  Capture  of  additional  cities. 
lAContinuous  stream  of  pilgrimage. 

■(Crusade  of  1101  and  its  fate.) 

2.  Disunion  among  opponents. 

3.  Acre  1104,  Bey  rout  and  Sidon  1110,  Tyre  1124. 

4.  Templars  and   Hospitallers.      {Ferris^  in  Am.   Hist. 
Review,  Vol.  VIII,  pp.  Iff.) 

c.  The  Second  Crusade. 

1.  Imadeddin  Zangi. 

2.  Loss  of  Edessa. 

3.  Bernard  of  Clairvaux. 

4.  The  crusade  and  its  fate. 

d.  Decline  of  kingdom. 

1.  Causes  of  weakness. 

2.  Rise  of  Saladin. 

3.  Loss  of  Jerusalem. 

V.  THE  THIRD  CRUSADE. 

a.  Effect  of  loss  of  Jerusalem. 

b.  Frederick  I. 

c.  Richard  the  Lion-Hearted  and  Philip  Augustus. 

d.  The  siege  of  Acre. 

e.  Richard  and  Saladin.      { Lane- Poole :  Saladin.) 

VI.  THE  FOURTH  CRUSADE.     (Pears :  Fall  of  CoTistantinople.) 

a.  Opportunity  for  Christians. 

b.  The  German  crusade. 

c.  The  French  knights  and  Venice. 

d.  Diversion  of  the  crusade. 
Greek  Empire,  twelfth  century. 

e.  Capture  of  Constantinople. 

f.  Latin  Empire,  1204-1261. 

g.  Effect  of  conquest  on  Holy  Land. 

VII.  THE  children's  CRUSADE. 

a.  Story  of  the  crusade. 

b.  Importance,  as  illustrating  the  opposite  motive  to  the 
fourth  crusade. 

VIII.  THE  FIFTH  CRUSADE. 

a.  Fate  of  Egyptian  expedition. 

b.  Frederick  II  and  his  crusade. 

c.  Results. 

IX.  THE  SIXTH  CRUSADE. 

a.  Character  of  St.  Louis.      (Perry:  St.  Louis.) 

b.  His  two  expeditions. 

(40) 


X.  LOSS  OF  THE  HOLY  LAND. 

a.  Are  lost  1291. 

b.  Weneral  causes  of  the  failure  of  the  crusades. 

XI.  RESULTS  OF  THE  CRUSADES.     (Pruiz  hi  Essays,   Archer  and 

Kingsford,  ch.  28.^ 

a.  Political. 

b.  Ecclesiastical. 

c.  Religious. 

d.  Social. 

e.  Economic. 

f.  Intellectual. 

g.  Summary. 

XII.  CRUSADES  IN  THE  WEST. 

a.  In  Spain,  to  1492. 

b.  The  Albigensian  crusade,  1209-1229. 
The  Inquisition. 

c.  The  Teutonic  knights  in  Prussia,  1226-1283. 

d.  Other  crusades. 

1.  Religious. 

2.  Political. 

CONCLUSION.  IMPOSSIBILITY  OF  AROUSING  ENTHUSIASM  FOR  THE 
CRUSADES  AFTER  THE  THIRTEENTH  CENTURY. 

PROPER   NAMES,   ETC. 

Adhemar  Dorylaeum  Tancred 

Bohemond  Edessa  Villehardouin 

Bouillon  Kerboga  Zara 

Damietta  Noureddin 

30.     THE  POPES  AND  THE  HOHENSTAUFENS. 

sources:  Henderson:  Documents^  pp.  211-218,  410-430.  Dante: 
De  Monarchia.     Thatcher  and  McNeal,  pp.  166-259. 

SECONDARY  WORKS :  fSrvce.  chs.  11  to  13  j  Tout,  chs.  10,  11,  16, 
21.  Robinson,  ch.  14.  Emerton  :  Europe,  chs.  9,  10. 
Bemont  and  Monod,  chs.  19,  20.  Munro,  ch.  17. 
Henderson:  Germany,  chs.  15  to  26.  Brown:  Venetian 
Republic,  pp.  5-118.  Freeman:  Essays,  Vol.  I.  Balzani: 
Popes  and  Hohenstaufens.  Duffy  :  Tuscan  Republics. 
Barry:  The  Papal  Monarchy.  Macaulay  :  Capture  of  a 
General  Council,  in  Enylish  Historical  Revieiv,  Vol.  VI, 
pp.  1-17.     Fisher  :  Mediaeval  Empire. 

(41) 


[Um\ju(_  AmiaJjUf^ 


INTRODUCTION.       RISE  OF  THE  ELECTORAL  COLLEGE. 
L     CONRAlAlI,    1138-1152. 

a.  Rise  of  the  Staufens. 

b.  Election  of  Lothair,  1125-1137. 

c.  Struggle  for  possessions  of  Henry  V. 

d.  Succession  of  Conrad. 

e.  Condition  of  Empire. 
Otto  of  Freising's  view. 

II.     FREDERICK  BARBAROSSA,    1152-1190. 

a.  Character  and  prospects. 
Otto  of  Freising,  again. 

b.  Power  in  Germany. 
North  vs.  South. 
Henry  the  Lion. 
Position  of  cities. 

c.  Arnold  of  Brescia.     (Gregorovius,  Vol.  IV,  pp.  4-92-548.) 
Affairs  at  Rome. 

Frederick's  action. 

d.  Relations  with  pope. 

Besangon   episode.      {Henderson:   Documents.,  pp.   410- 

UO.) 

Property  of  Matilda. 

e.  The  Lombard  cities. 
Roncaglian  diet.     Imperial  regalia. 
Legnano,  1176.     Peace  of  Constance,  1183. 

f.  The  Norman  marriage,  1186. 

g.  The  crusade,  and  death. 

in.     HENRY  VI,  1190-1197. 

a.  Extent  of  his  Empire. 

b.  His  ambition. 

England,  Cyprus,  .Jerusalem. 

c.  Election  of  Frederick  II,  and  death  of  Henry  VI. 

IV.  INNOCENT  III,  1198-1216. 

a.  Apogee  of  papal  power. 

b.  Conditions  in  Germany,  Sicily,  Italy,  England. 

V.  FREDERICK  IT,    1212-1250. 

a.  His  youth.     Innocent  III,  guardian. 

b.  His  accession  and  vow  to  go  on  crusade. 

c.  Strengthening  position  in  Germany  and  Sicily. 

d.  His  struggle  with  the  papacy. 

(42) 


His  vow.     Crusade.     Peace  of  San  Germano.     Excom- 
mmiication. 

Council   of  Lyons,    1245.     Project  to  form   a  national 
church, 
e.    His  struggle  with  Lombard  cities. 
His  theories  and  ambitions. 
Position  and  aims  of  cities. 
This  struggle,  key  to  fate  of  family. 

VI.     THE  LAST  OF  THE   HOHENSTAUFENS. 

CONCLUSION.       THE  GREAT  INTERREGNUM,    1254-1273. 

Its  results. 

PROPER  NAMES,  ETC. 

Bornhoeved  Conradin  Ghibellines         Weinsberg     J  //L-^ 

Bouvines  Cortenuova         Guelfs  L\^v\^^^^ 

Brandenburg  Faustrecht  Podesta  fY.-^-^"^^ 

,31.     THE  NEW  NATIONS.     FRANCE,  ENGLAND,  SPAIN. 

sources:  For  England,  Translations,  etc.,  Vol.  I,  No.  6,  Consti- 
tutional Documents.  Collections  by  Lee,  Colby,  and 
Adams  and  Stephens. 

For  Spain:  Chronicles  of  the  Cid,  Chronicles  of  James  /,  ed. 
by  Forster. 

SECONDARY  WORKS:  Adams:  European  History,  pp.  224-253; 
Civilization,  ch.  13,  14. 

France — Adams:    French   Nation.       Kitchin.       Walker: 
l^^^^se   of  Royal   Power.       Emerton:    Europe,    ch.    12. 
Robinson,  ch.  10.     Munro,  ch.  7,  18. 
England — Sjubbg^^Cbns^^itiion^^  Green:   Eng- 

lisTT  People.  Taylor:  Constitution.  Stubbs:  I^lantagenets. 
Norgate:  England  %inder  the  Angevin  Kings ;  John  Lack- 
land. Robinson,  ch.  11.  Munro,  ch.  8,  19. 
§jjy»^ Watts;  Christian  Recovery.  Lane-Poole:  Moors. 
Dunham :  Spain.  Burke.  Hume.  Butler-Clarke:  The 
Cid.  Munro,  ch.  20. 
Italy — Burckhardt. 

INTRODUCTION.       CONDITIONS  IN  GERMANY  AND  ITALY. 
I.     DEVELOPMENT  OF  FRANCE.        {Tout,   chs.   Jf,    12,    17.) 

a.   The  last  Carolingians. 

1.  Extent  of  kingdom. 

2.  Extent  of  power. 

3.  The  dukes  of  France. 

(43]) 


b.  The  Capetian  line. 

1.  Election  of  Hugh  Capet,  987. 

2.  Two-fold  position  of  the  king. 

3.  Principle  of  heredity. 

4.  Principle  of  primogeniture. 

5.  Several  long  reigns. 

6.  Policy  of  Louis  VI,  le  Gros,  1108-1137. 

7.  Philip     Augustus,      1180-1223.       (Button: 
Augustus. ) 

8.  St.   Louis,    1226-1270.     (Perry:   St.   Louis.     Munro 
and  Sellery,  pp.  366-875. ) 

9.  Philip  the  Fair,  1285-1314. 

c.  Growth  of  royal  domain. 

1.  Sens,  the  Vexin,.  Bo  urges. 

2.  Artois. 

3.  Normandy,  Maine,  Anjou  and  part  of  Poitou. 

4.  Auvergne. 

5.  Toulouse. 

6.  Carcassonne,   Beziers,   Nimes,  M^con,  Perche,  Blois, 
Chartres,  Sancerre. 

7.  Champagne,  Brie  and  Navarre. 

8.  Other  acquisitions. 

d.  Development  of  the  royal  authority. 

1.  The  prevot. 

2.  The  haRU. 
Edict  of  1190. 

3.  Legislative  and  judicial  powers. 
Restrictions  on  king. 

The  curia  regis. 

The  parlement  of  Paris. 

The  first  Estates-General,  1302. 

4.  Financial  administration. 

5.  Influence  of  Roman  law. 

e.  Condition  of  France,  1314.  • 

II.     DEVELOPMENT  OF  ENGLAND. 

a.  The  Norman  conquest. 

1.  Position  of  feudal  nobles. 

2.  Position  of  clergy. 

3.  Domesdav  Book. 

b.  The  Charter'of  Liberties,  1100. 

Fusion  of  the  two  peoples. 

c.  Henry  II,  1154-1189.     (Green:  Henry  11.) 

1.  Thomas   Becket.       (Gee   and   Hardy.      Hutton:    St. 
Thomas.     Froude. ) 

(44) 


J^ 


2.  Feudal  rising  of  1173. 

3.  Reforms. 

4.  Ireland  (Barnard:  Stronybow's  Conquest  of  Ireland.) 

d.  The  Magna  Carta.      {Translations,  etc.,  Vol.  /,  No.  6.) 

e.  Simon  de  Montfort. 

His  parliament. 

f.  Edward  I.      (Tout :  Edward  I.) 
Local  administration. 
Results  for  England. 

III.    SPAIN.      (Tout,  ch.  20.) 

a.    Origin  and  evolution  of  the  four  kingdoms. 

Castile,  St.  Ferdinand,  1217-1252;  Alphonse  the  Wise, 

1252-1284. 

Aragon,    James    the    Conqueror,    1213-1276.       (Sivift: 

James  the  First  of  Aragon. ) 

Navarre. 

Portugal.      (Morse  Stephens :  Portugal.) 
h.   Effects  of  the  Moorish  Wars. 

Military  organization. 

Power  of  the  clergy.     Religious  and  military  orders. 

Importance  of  the  middle  class. 
c.    The  Cortes. 

CONCLUSION.  ■    LINES  OF  FUTURE  DEVELOPMENT. 

32.     THE  SCANDINAVIAN  KINGDOMS. 
SECONDARY  WORKS  :  Books  Under  21,  and  Boyesen:  Norway. 

INTRODUCTION.       SCANDINAVIA  BEFORE'THE  TENTH  CENTURY. 

I.     DENMARK.  L^yOC      L4k.Ou^JuLoC    _^ 

a.  Early  history. 

b.  Cnut  and  his  conquests.  % 

c.  Progress  of  Christianity. 

d.  Waldemar  the  Great,  1137-1183,  and  his  sons. 

e.  Decline  in  the  thirteenth  century. 

XL     SWEDEN. 

a.  The  traditional  history. 

b.  Progress  of  Christianity. 

c.  Civil  wars. 
Disappearance  of  peasantry. 
Power  of  nobles  and  clergy. 

(45) 


III.     NORWAY. 

a.  Character   of    territory ;    contrast  with    Denmark   and 
Sweden. 

b.  Unification  by  Harold  Haarfager,  863-C.933. 

c.  Progress  of  Christianity. 

d.  Civil  wars. 

Clerical  party  versus  national. 

e.  Hakon  IV. 

Conquest  of  Iceland,  1260. 

f.  Decline  of  Norway. 

CONCLUSION.       SCANDINAVIA,   ABOUT  1300. 
PROPER  NAMES,   ETC. 

Ansgarius  Drontheim  (Trondhjem) 

Birger  Edda 

Bonder  Gorni 

Lund  Jarl 

Olaf  the  Lap-King,  993-1024  Svend 

Olaf  Tryggvesson,  996-1000  Upsala 

Rune  Waldemar    the   Victorious, 

Sigurd  1202-1241  -3,      (  tT  ^' 

33.     THE  SLAVS.  r''^' 

SECONDARY  WORKS:  QiblTorKc]^  ^^  and  (e^  Bury)  Vol.  VI, 
pp.  540-554.  Ramba^ii>*r^^sm.  /  Wallace:  Russia. 
Morfill :  Poland,  and  Russia.     VajjoJa^iy:  Hunqami. 

INTRODUCTION.       ORIGIN. 

I.  EARLY  HISTORY. 

a.  Migrations. 

b.  Territory  in  seventh  century. 

c.  Civilization,  esp.  state  of  agriculture. 

d.  Samo,  King  of  the  Slavs. 

e.  The  different  groups. 

f.  The  different  influences  under  which  they  came. 

g.  Why  they  were  so  long  powerless. 

h.  The  Moravian  Empire,  ninth  century. 

II.  CONVERSION  OF  THE  SLAVS. 

a.  German  missionaries. 

b.  Constantine  (Cyril)  and  Methodius. 
Their  success  and  influence. 

c.  Future  of  the  non-Christian  Slavs. 

(46) 


III.  THE  NEIGHBORS  OF  THE  SLAVS. 

a.  Lithuanians. 

b.  Finns.     Adaptability. 

c.  Avars.     Conquest  by  Pippin  and  Charles  the  Great. 

d.  Mag3'ars. 
Migrations  under  Arpad. 
Habits  (ogre).     Invasions. 
St.  Stephen. 

e.  The  Bulgarians  ( Gibbon,  ed.  Bury,  Vol.  VI,  pp.  54.4.-546. ) 
Conquest  of  the  Slavs  in  Moesia. 

IV.  SEPARATION  OF  THE  SLAVS. 

a.  Causes. 

b.  Results. 

c.  Pan-slavic  ideal. 

V.  BULGARIA. 

a.  The  Bulgarian  Empire  under  Simeon,  892-927. 

b.  The  Bogomils. 

c.  The  new  Empire  of  the  twelfth  and  thirteenth  centuries. 

VI.  RUSSIA. 

a.  Rurik,  862-879. 

b.  Attacks  on  Constantinople. 

c.  Conversion  of  Russia. 

d.  Slavic  influence  under  Vladimir,  supersedes  Norman. 

e.  Byzantine  influence. 

f.  Internal  divisions. 

g.  Tartar  invasion  and  effects. 

VII.  POLAND. 

a.  Kingdom,  eleventh  century. 

b.  Weaknesses. 

c.  German  migrations. 

d.  Mongolian  invasion. 

VIII.  BOHEMIA. 

a.  German  influence. 

b.  Kingdom,  thirteenth  century. 

c.  Causes  of  its  fall. 

IX.  HUNGARY. 

a.  Kingdom,  eleventh  century. 

b.  Decadence. 

c.  The  Golden  Bull,  1222.     (Vamhery,  pp.  129-130.) 

d.  Mongolian  invasion, 

(47) 


CONCLUSION.       THE  TWO  DETERMINING  INFLUENCES  IN  THE  HISTORY 
OF  THE  SLAVS. 


PROPER  NAMES,   ETC. 

Boleslas,  992-1025 

Kashoube 

Slovaks 

Boris 

Kiev 

Slovenes 

Coloman 

Ladislaus 

Svatopluk 

Cyrillic 

Olga 

Sviatoslay 

Czeclis 

Pilgrim 

Varangian 

Glagolitic 

Posen 

Vlachs 

Gnesen 

Rati  Slav 

Yaroslav 

Gran 

Serbs 

A 


y 

34.     VILLAGE  AND  MANOR.      (ENGLAND,  y^ 
sources:  Translations,  etc..  Vol.  Ill,  No.  5,  Manorial  Documents. 
Robinson,   eh.    18.     Bemont  aWa   Monod, 


secondary  works  _ 

ch.  23.      rj  I  f  ji  n  nijT  i    Ti  1 1  fl  i  1 1  'I  I' '  1 1 1 1 1 F   '  1 1 1  'i  I  f    W  i  m -^f '  i-j^TTTj 
land,_^.   2.     Munro,  ch.   14.     Jessopp  :   Coming  of  the 
J^Viarsi'^&'Ay  II;  Studies,  ch.  5.     Emerton:  Europe,  ch. 
15.      Bateson  :  Mediseval  England,  chs.  5,  11,  17.     An- 
drews :   Old  English  Manor.      ^"hlfiY  '    F'"oli'(f'   ^'■""^  •"■■■■ 
History,  Vol.   I,   ch.    1.     S^^olj^:    Village   Community.   ^U^iA, 
Maitland:  Domesday  and  Beyond.     Stubbs:   Constitutional         <^ 


3/M 


History. 

INTRODUCTION.       ORIGIN  OF  MANOR. 

I.  WHAT  A  MANOR  WAS. 

a.  Definition. 

b.  Contents. 

Village  street.     3  field  system:  divisions.     Hay  land 

pasturage,  woods. 

Demesne  land  and  land  in  villenage 

II.  WHO  LIVED  ON  IT. 

a.  Lord  who  owned  demesne  land. 

b.  Steward,  bailiff,  reeve.  iaA'^^ 

c.  "  Liberi  tenentes^^  who  held  virgates.  " 

d.  Cotters  who  held  small  plots  only. 

e.  Slaves  who  worked  on  demesne. 

III.  HOW  THEY  MADE  A  LIVING. 

a.   Lord. 
Demesne. 
Services  from  villains. 

(48) 


7 


^ 


^•^ 


M^eek-work.     Extra  services.     Miscellaneous  services. 
Periodical  payments.     Court  fees, 
b.  Villain. 

Work  in  common. 
Division  of  land. 
Other  products. 

IV.  SELF-SUFFICIENCY. 

Permanence  of  organization. 

Manor  courts. 

Village  priest. 

Mill. 

Fairs.      (  No  general  store.  ) 

V.  NEEDS. 

Salt,  iron,  tar,  millstones. 

VI.  CORPORATE  BODY. 

Joint  responsibility. 

Sometimes  rented  manor.  -      ' 

VII.  CHANGE  BY  COMMUTATION  OF  SERVICES. 

Week-work  first. 

Results  of  commutation. 

Contrast  between  villages  then  and  now. 

CONCLUSION,      EXTENT  TO  WHICH  THESE  CONDITIONS  WERE  TYPICAL 
FOR  THE  CONTINENT. 

UNUSUAL  WORDS.         ;»/.,. 

Balk  •  .  V  ^  '  -^  CusAitnAl  *t 

Boon-work  Extent  *  >«|^ 

Compotus  roll 

35.     COMMERCE. 

SECONDARY  WORKS  :  Cheyney,  ch.  4.  Adams  :  Civilization,  ch. 
12.  Robinson,  ch.  18.  Qh&yrtey-iSwopean  Dmkg^pmmdJ 
Ashley  :  English  Woollen  Industry,  and  Economic  History, 
Vol.  I.  Brown:  Venice.  Cunningham:  English  Industry 
and  Commerce ;  Western  Civilization,  Bk.  IV,  ch.  2.  Gib- 
bins:  History  of  Commerce. 

INTRODUCTION.       MEDITERRANEAN  SEA,   THE  CENTRE, 
I.     BYZANTINE  COMMERCE. 

Greek  possessions.     Constantinople  centre. 


Hindrances  from 


(49) 


a.  Justinian's  policy. 
Monopolies  and  reserved  sales. 

b.  Contests  with  Mohammedans. 

II.  SARACEN  COMMERCE, 

Extent  of  possessions.     Wealth.     Caravans. 

III.  ITALIAN    CITIES. 

Venice,  Amalfi,  Pisa  and  Genoa. 

IV.  ROUTES  OF  COMMERCE. 

a.  Mediterranean. 

b.  Baltic. 

c.  Routes  south  to  north. 

d.  Caravans. 

e.  The  ocean. 

V.  WARES. 

a.  In  earl}'  times. 

Fish,  salt,  relics,  incense,  and  other  church  necessities. 
Luxuries.  Forbidden  wares :  weapons,  slaves  and 
lumber. 

b.  In  thirteenth  century. 

Larger  vessels  from  crusades.  Greater  skill  in  navi- 
gation. 

New  demands.  Raw  materials.  Products  of  the  north. 
Customs  regulations  in  Syria.  {Translations,  etc.,  Vol. 
Ill,  No.  2. ) 

VI.  MARKETS  AND  FAIRS. 

a.  Markets. 

Importance  to  lords.  Arrangement  of  times  and  trades. 
Important  markets. 

b.  Fairs. 

Distinction  from  markets. 

Frankfort,   Bruges,  Stourbridge,  Champagne,  etc.     The 

Lendit.     Arrangements. 

VII.  PRINCIPAL  CENTRES  OF  TRADE  IN  THE  XIII  CENTURY. 

Venice,  Genoa,  Pisa. 

Augsburg,  Nuremberg,  Liibeck,  Hamburg  and  Bremen. 

Ghent,  Bruges,  Ypres. 

Barcelona. 

VIII.  COMMERCIAL  ASSOCIATIONS. 

Medieval  principle  of  association. 

The  Lombards.     Colonies.     Consuls.     The  Hanse. 

(50) 


IX.     HINDRANCES  TO  COMMERCE. 

a.  "The  just  price."      (Th.  Aquinas.) 

b.  Bad  roads  and  bridges. 
Insecurity  and  discomfort. 

c.  Taxes  and  customs. 
Examples  in  France. 

d.  Condemnation  of  interest. 

e.  Money. 

CONCLUSION.       RESULTS  OF  GROWTH  OF  COMMERCE. 

36.     RISE  OF  THE  TOWNS. 

sources:  Translations,  etc,  Vol.  II,  No.  1,  English  Totms  and 
Gilds.  Robinson:  Readings,  pp.  406-412.  "Fling," 
Vol.  II,  No.  8,  Rise  of  Cities,  and  No.  9,  Trades  of  Paris. 
Thatcher  and  McNeal,  pp.  545-612. 

secondary  works:  Cheyney,  ch.  3.  Emerton:  Europe,  ch.  15. 
Munro,  ch.  14.  Ashley:  Economic  History,  ch.  2. 
Munro  and  Seller}'^,  pp.  358-365.  Gross:  Gild  Merchant. 
Cunningham.  Green:  English  Town  Life.  Seligman: 
Two  Chapters.  Jessop:  Studies,  ch.  4.  Bateson,  chs.  6, 
12,  18.     Jusserand,  Part  I. 

INTRODUCTION.       TOWN  ONLY  A  LARGER  VILLAGE. 

I.  THE  TOWN. 

Origin.      Plan.     Walls.      Houses.      Market.      Church. 
Public  buildings. 

II.  TOWN  CHARTERS. 

What  they  contained  and  what  they  did  not  contain. 

III.  THE  GILD  MERCHANT. 

Origin.     Character.      Relation  to  city  government.     Its 
public  and  religious  activities  and  charities. 

IV.  THE  CRAFT  GILDS. 

a.  Subdivision  of  industry.     Examples. 

b.  Activities  in  regulating  industry,   in  keeping  order;  as 
religious,  social  and  beneficial  societies. 

c.  Mystery  plays. 

d.  Examples  of  rules. 

V.  SOCIAL  AND  RELIGIOUS  GILDS. 

Voluntary  organizations.     Permanency. 
What  they  did. 

(51) 


VI.     ADVANCE  OF  THE  TOWN, 

1.  Through  commerce,  benefits  in. 

2.  Through  industry,  benefits  iv. 

3.  Politically. 

a.  In  Italy.      Reasons. 

b.  In  England.     Town  charters. 

c.  In  Germany.     Privileges, 

d.  In  France.  . 

e.  In  Spain.     Burghers  take  part  in  warfare.   ^^  tjtX. 

CONCLUSION.       MEANING  OF  RISE  OF  THE  MIDDLE  CLASS.  '-Jy^-<^ 

37.     EDUCATION,  INCLUDING  UNIVERSITIES. 

sources:  Steele:   Medissval   Lore.     Translations,    etc.,   Vol.    II, 
No.   3,   Medieval  Student.     "Fling,"   Vol.   II,   No.    10,  ^ 
Giraldus  Cambrensis.  |— f 

SECONDARY  WORKS:  Munro,  ch.  15.  Bemont  and  Monod,  ch. 
31.  Robinson,  pp.  267-273.  Emerton:  Europe,  ch. 
13.  Tout,  ch.  9,  18.  Munro  and  Sellery,  pp.  348-357. 
Jessopp:  Friars,  ch.  6.  Rashdall:  Universities.  Poole: 
Illustrations,  etc.  Symonds:  Wine,  Women  and  Song. 
Sabatier:  St.  Francis.  Munro:  Attitude  of  the  Western 
Church.     Gross,  in  Am.  Hist.  Rev.,  Vol.  VI,  pp.  440  flf. 

INTRODUCTION.       PRESERVATION  OF  THE  ROMAN  SCHOOLS, 

I.  MEDIEVAL  EDUCATION, 

Trivium. 

Quadrivium, 

Theology. 

II.  HOW  FOSTERED. 

Town  schools. 
Bishops'  schools. 
But  especially  monasteries. 
Examples. 

III.  SCHOLASTICISM. 

a.  Meaning  of  term. 

b.  Influence  of  Aristotle. 

New  acquaintance  with  his  works. 

c.  Results. 

IV.  THE  UNIVERSITIES. 

a.  Origin. 

b.  Privileges. 

(52) 


c.  Studies. 
Colleges. 

d.  Government. 
Faculties. 
Nations. 
Rector. 

e.  Other  activities. 

f.  Life  of  the  students.      {Haskim,  in  Am.   Hist.   Revieiv, 
Vol.  Ill  PP-  203 ff;  Vol.  X,  pp.  Iff.) 

g.  Most  noted  universities. 

CONCLUSION.       ENCYCLOPEDIAS. 
PROPER  NAMES,    ETC. 

Ab^lard  Qiiodlihetales 

Albert  the  Great,  1193-1280  Robert  Grosseteste,  d.  1253 

Alexander  Hales,  d.  1245  Robert  Sorbonne 

Duns  Scotus,  d.  1308  Roger  Bacon,  1214-1294 

H^loise  Thomas  Aquinas,  1227-1274 

John  Bonaventure,  1221-1274  Vincent  of  Beaavais,  d.  1264 

Michael  Scotus,  born  1190  William  of  Auvergne,  d.  1249 

38.     THE  CHURCH   IN  THE  THIRTEENTH  CENTURY. 

SOURCES  :  Rule  of  St.  Francis  in  Henderson:  Documents.  Mirror 
of  Perfection  of  St.  Francis.  Little  Flowers  of  St.  Francis. 
Crane  :  Exempla  of  Jacques  de  Vitry.  Legend  of  the  Three 
Companions. 

SECONDARY  WORKS:  Robiuson,  ch.  16.  Miituai,.-*4tr-16.  E«^- 
ton  :  Europe^  ch.  16.  Bateson,  chs.  9,  15.  JusseranS, 
■Part  Iff!  Church  Histories.  Lea :  Inquisition,  Papal 
Penitentiary,  Confession  and  Indulgences,  and  Studies. 
Sabatier  :  St.  Francis.  Gautier:  Chivalry.  Cutts:  Par- 
ish Priests.  Jessopp  :  Coming  of  the  Friars.  Moore  : 
Gothic  Architecture. 

INTRODUCTION.       REFORM  IN  THE  CHURCH. 

Celibacy.     Simony. 

I.     THE  POPE. 

a.   The  papal  election.      {Henderson:  Documents,  pp.  361- 
365. ) 

1.  The  cardinals.     Origin  of  office.     Increased  import- 
ance from  right  of  election.      (Red  hat,  1245.) 

2.  Decree  of  Nicholas  II,  1059. 
Canon,  Licet  de  vitanda,  1179. 
The  conclave,  1274. 

(53) 


r 


b.  The  papal  chancery. 

Officers,  bureaus,  powers. 

c.  The  papal  income. 

Need  of  large  funds. 

1.  Revenue  from  Patrimony. 

2.  Peter's  pence. 

3.  Tribute  from  vassal  states. 
e.  g.,  Sicily,  England. 

4.  Payments  for  protection,  dispensations,  confirmation 
of  bishops  or  abbots,  and  the  pallium. 

5.  Taxes  of  the  papal  penitentiary. 

6.  Extraordinary  imposts  on  the  clergy. 

d.  His  power. 

1.  In  the  Church.      {Calendar  of  Papal  letters  relating  to 

England.     Vol.  I,  Cal.  State  Papers. ) 

(1)  Archbishops  and  bishops. 

(2)  Canonization  of  saints. 

(3)  Appeals. 

(4)  Reserved  cases. 

(5)  Dispensations  and  exemptions. 

(6)  Conferment  of  benefices. 

(7)  Convocation   of    Councils,    and    confirmation  of 
their  acts. 

(Infallibility.     Th.  Aquinas.) 

2.  Over  lay  rulers. 
Two-fold  position  of  ruler. 
Papal  theories. 

Excommunication,  extended  to  interdict  and  depo- 
sition.     Examples. 

Power  of  Innocent  III  in  Polish,  Hungarian,  Norwe- 
gian and  English  (Gee  and  Hardy,  pp.  73-80)  internal 
affairs.     Papal  fiefs.     Examples. 
Unity  of  Christian  world  in  1274. 

II.     THE  HIERARCHY. 

a.  Bishops. 

Power.      Diocese  and  city.      Bishops   "m  partihvs  infi- 
delium. ' ' 

b.  The  officials.  Election  of  bishops.  The  cathedral  chap- 
ters. Canons.  Prebends.  The  arch-deacon.  Provost, 
Dean.     Vicar  general.     Officials.     Their  powers. 

c.  Parish  priests. 

Various   designations.     Appointment.      Patronage   and 
presentation.     The  arch-priest. 

(54) 


III.  THE  MONASTIC  ORDERS.        (  Tout,   ch.   9.       MuurO^   ch.    12.  ) 

a.  The  congregations. 
The  influence  of  Cluny. 

b.  New  orders. 
General  impulse. 
Carthusians. 
Cistercians. 

Bernard  of  Clairvaux  (Storrs,   and  Letteis,  translated  in 
Catholic  Standard  LU)rary. ) 
Regular  canons. 

c.  The    Mendicant   Orders.       C  Fling,''    Vol.    II,    No.    6, 
Monasticism. ) 

Franciscans.     Their  ideal.      (Milman,  Bk.  IX,  ch.  10. ) 
Dominicans.     Their  ideal.      {Milman,  Bk.  IX,  ch.  9.) 
Lives  of  the  founders. 
Activities  of  the  orders. 
The  Inquisition. 

IV.  THE  COUNCILS. 

a.  The  fourth  Lateran,  1215. 
Attendance.     Subjects  of  canons. 

b.  Lyons,  1245-1247. 

c.  Provincial  synods  and  national  councils. 

V.  THE  SERVICE. 

a.  The  ritual. 
The  eucharist. 

b.  Preaching.      (Smith:    English  Popular  Preaching   in  the 
XIV  Century,  in  Eng.  Hist.  Rev.    Vol.  VII,  pp.  25-36.) 
The  mendicants. 

c.  Festivals. 

Mystery  plays.     Parodies  of  festivals. 

VI.  POPULAR  BELIEFS.      (  Translations,  etc. ,  Vol.  II,  No.  If. ) 


a. 
b. 
c. 
d. 
e. 
f. 

The  Virgin. 
Relics. 
Confession. 
Indulgence. 
The  eucharist. 
The  devil. 

.     THE  MORALS. 

a. 
b. 

Contrasts  in  the  middle  ages. 

The  complaints. 

Preachers.     Records  of  episcc 

)pal 

visitations, 

(55) 

Literature.     The  Goliards. 
c.   The  life  of  the  age. 

VIII.     THE  CHURCH  STRUCTURES. 

a.  The  basilica. 

b.  The  Romanesque. 

c.  The  Gothic. 

d.  Decoration  of  churches. 

CONCLUSION.       THE  AVORK  OF  THOMAS  AQUINAS. 
PROPER  NAMES,   ETC. 

Beghards  Flagellants  Premonstrants 

Beguines  Gaudentes  Quietists 

Carmelites  Joachim  de  Flore  Salimbene,  Fra 

Carthusians  Ogive  Voragine 

Citeaux  Peter  Lombard 

39.     HERESIES,  TWELFTH  AND  THIRTEENTH  CENTU- 
RIES. 

sources:  Translations,   etc.,   Vol.   Ill,    No.    6,   Pre- Reformation 

Period. 
SECONDARY  works:  Robinson,  ch.  17.      Lea:  Inquisition.      Church 

Histories.     Lecky.     Holland:  Rise  of  Intellectual  Liberty. 

Poole.     Sabatier  :    St.   Francis.     Comba  :   History  oj  the 

Waldenses.     Milman,  Bk.  IX,  ch.  8. 

INTRODUCTION.       WHAT  HERESY  WAS. 

Difference  between  false  teaching  and  opposition  to  the 
Church.     Heresy  a  sign  of  health. 

I.  GENERAL  CHARACTERISTICS. 

a.  In  early  times  intellectual  rather  than  moral. 
Nature  of  Christ,  of  the  Holy  Ghost,  of  the  eucharist. 

b.  Now  moral  rather  than  intellectual.     Reformation  within 
the  Church.     St.  Bernard. 

II.  ABELARD. 

a.  ' '  Sic  et  Non. ' ' 

b.  His  pupil,  Arnold  of  Brescia. 
Policy  and  fate. 

III.  EXAMPLES  EARLY  IN  TWELFTH  CENTURY. 

Opportunities  for  heresies. 
a.   Tanchelm,  IH 5-11 24. 
AccuBations  of  inmiorality. 

(5G) 


b.  Eudes  de  Stella,  1148. 

c.  Passagians.     North  Italy,  twelfth  century. 

IV.  ANTI-SACERD0TALIST8, 

a.  Peter  of  Bruis,  1104-1124. 

b.  Henry    of   Cluny,    1116-1148.      (St.    Bernard:    Letters, 
Vol.  I,  pp.  241,  242. ) 

c.  Waldenses,  from  1170. 
"  Poor  men  of  Lyons." 

Nature  of  teaching.      (Vedder :  Origin,  etc.) 
cf.  Wiclif,  Hus 

V.  MANICHEANS. 

a.  Eastern  origin.     Where  most  numerous. 

b.  Early  names.     Alhigenses,  thirteenth  century. 

c.  Fundamental  beliefs. 
Peculiar  tenets. 

d.  Crusade  against  Albigenses. 

VI.  THE  INQUISITION. 

a.  Its  rise. 

b.  The  Dominicans. 

Attains  its  greatest  prominence  later. 

CONCLUSION.  RENAN's  QUESTION,  WHY  THE  REFORMATION  DID  NOT 
COME  IN  THE  THIRTEENTH  CENTURY. 

PROPER  NAMES,   ETC. 

Cathari  Paterini  Piphles 

Henricians  Petrobrusians  Publicani 

40.     CANON  LAW. 

sources:  Apostolic  Constitutions  in  Clarke's  Ante-Nicene  Library. 
Translations,  etc..  Vol.  IV,  No.  2,  Canons.  Constitutions 
of  Clarendon  in  Translations,  etc..  Vol.  1,  No.  6,  and  in 
Gee  and  Hardy,  p.  68. 

SECONDARY  WORKS:  Article  Canon  Laiv  in  Britannica.  Lea:  In- 
quisition and  Studies.  Emerton:  Mediseval  Europe,  ch. 
16.  Church  Histories.  Maitland:  Roman  Canon  Law  in 
the  Church  of  England. 

INTRODU  CTION.       DEFINITION  OF  CANON  AND  CANON  LAW. 

Distinction  from  ecclesiastical  law. 

I.     SOURCES. 

a.   The  Bible. 

(  57  )  • 


b.  The  Fathers. 

c.  The  Councils. 

d.  Decretals  of  the  popes. 
6.  lAbri  Foenitentiales. 

f.  Custom. 

g.  Secular  legislation.     (Justinian.) 

II.     EARLY    HISTORY. 

a.  Apostolic  constitutions  and  canons. 

b.  Nomocanon. 

c.  Versio  Isidoriana  or  Hispana. 

d.  Versio  Itala  or  Prisca. 

e.  Dionysius  Exiguus. 

Two  parts.     Canons  and  decretals. 

f.  Codex  Hadrianeus  or  Codex  Canonum. 

g.  Decreiales  Fseudo-Isidorlanae. 
h.  Benedictus  Levita. 

i.    Capliula  Angilrami. 

j.    Methodical  collections  of  the  tenth  and  eleventh  cen- 
turies. 

JII.     CORPUS   JURIS   CANONICI,    1582. 

1.  Decretum  Gratiani  (between  1189  and  1148). 
' '  Concordantia  discordantium  canonvm. ' ' 

(Cf.  Abelard.      ' '  Sic  et  Non. ' ' ) 

Composition.    Notes:   '^  Falea,^'  '■' corr.  Rom.''   Citation. 

2.  Decretals. 

a.  Compilationes  antiquss  (not  in  Corpus). 

^^  Judex,  Judicium,  Clerus,  Connubia,  Crimen.'' 

b.  Decretals  of  Gregory  IX,  1234. 

Libri  extra.     Raymond  of  Pennaforte.     Composition. 
Citation. 

c.  Liber  Sextus,  1298.     Boniface  VIII. 
Composition.     Citation. 

Regidse  juris. 

d.  Glementinx  (1313),  1317.     Clement  V.     Composition. 
Citation, 

jp  ,  ,        ( Joannis  XXII. 

e.  ExtrmagaMes     |  Communes,  1298-1484. 

Semi-official  approval,  1582. 

Varying  authority  of  different  portions. 

f.  Supplements  in  some  editions. 
Liber  Septimus,  1590. 
Institutiones  of  Lancelottus,  1563. 

Comparison  of  parts  to  parts  of  Corpus  Juris  Givilis. 

(58) 


IV.  SCOPE  OF  ECCLESIASTICAL  JURISDICTION. 

a.  Persons. 

1.  The  clergy. 

2.  ^^l(Iows,  orphans,  crusaders,  students. 

For  the  latter  a  privilege.     Use  of  the  tonsure. 

b.  Subjects. 

1.  Spiritual  causes. 

Matters  relative  to  the  faith,  sacraments  and  vows. 

2.  Civil  causes. 

Matters  relative  to  marriage,  ecclesiastical  property, 
wills. 

3.  Criminal  causes. 

Crimes  against  religion,  or  committed  in  holy  places. 
Violations  of  the  Truce  of  God,  usury,  etc. 
^^  Fori  mixti.^^     Conflict  with  civil  courts.     Constitu- 
tions of  Clarendon,  1164. 

V.  ECCLESIASTICAL   COURTS. 

a.  Organization.  ^^ 
The  bishop  and  his  officials. 

b.  Method  of  procedure. 

Evidence  displaces  oath.      Denunciation.      Development 
of  Inquisition  later. 

c.  Penalties. 

Limits.     Preference  for  ecclesiastical  courts.      "Benefit 
of  Clergy." 

Apogee  of  temporal  power  of  Church,  end  of  the  twelfth 
and  beginning  of  the  thirteenth  century.    ( lout,  ch.  llf. ) 

CONCLUSION.  INFLUENCE  ON  INTERNATIONAL  AND  CONSTITUriONAL 
LAW. 

41.     LITERATURE,  TWELFTH  AND  THIRTEENTH 
CENTURIES. 

SOURCES  :  Aucamn  and  Nicolette.  Steele:  Huon  of  Bordeaux, 
Renaud  of  Moniauban,  Story  of  Alexander.  Turpin:  His- 
tory of  Charles  the  Great  and  Orlando  in  Mediaeval  Tales. 
"  Gesta  Romanorum,^^  same  collection.  Joinville:  Life 
of  St.  Louis  in  Chronicles  of  the  Crusades.  Needier: 
Niehelvngenlied.  ^' La  Mort  d'  Arthure."  O'Hagan: 
Song  of  Roland. 

SECONDARY  WORKS:  Robinson,  ch.  19.  Smith:  Troubadours. 
Saintshury:  Flourishing  of  Romance.  Ker,  Morris:  Old 
French  Romances.    Ashton:  Romance  of  Chivalry.   Masson 

(59) 


and  Balzani  in  "  Chronicles  of  Europe.''  Henderson: 
Germany,  ch.  28.  Comparetti:  "  Vergil  in  the  Middle 
Ages.'"  Norgate:  England,  Vol.  II,  ch.  10.  Putnam: 
Books  and  their  Makers. 

INTRODUCTION.       REASONS  FOR  GROWTH  OF  NEW  LITERATURE. 
I.     LATIN  LITERATURE. 

a.  Twelfth  Century. 

Poetical,  oratorical,  humanistic,  philosophical,  and  the- 
ological. 

b.  Thirteenth  Century. 

Scholastic.      (Contrast  with  preceding.) 
Sermons.      Hymns. 
Thomas  of  Celano  :   ''Dies  Irae.'' 
Jacopone  da  Todi  (?)  :   " Stabat  Mater.'' 

c.  Sciences. 
Ontological  pursuits. 

New  facts,  but  no  advance  in  theory. 

n.  LITERATURE  IN  THE  VERNACULAR. 

a.  French  literature. 

1.  National  epopee,     e.  g.  Roland. 

2.  Classic         "  e.  g.  Alexander. 

3.  Breton         "  e.  g.  Arthur. 

4.  Lyric  poetry  in  s6uth.     Troubadours. 

5.  The  "Fabliaux." 

6.  Histories.     Villehardouin,  Joinville. 

b.  French  literature  in  Europe.- 

1.  In  England. 

2.  In  Spain,  Portugal. 

3.  In  Italy. 

Brunetto  Latini  :  ' '  The  French  tongue  is  the  most 
delectable  and  the  most  common  to  all  peoples." 
M.  Polo. 

4.  In  Germany. 

c.  German  literature. 

1.  Material  and  inspiration. 

2.  The  Minnesingers. 

3.  Walter  of  the  Vogelweid. 

4.  Niebelungenlied,  c.  1190-1208. 

5.  Godfrey  of  Strassburg;  died,  c.  1210. 

6.  Wolfram  of  Eschenbach. 

7.  Why  this  literature  declined. 

(60) 


CONCLUSION.       DEVELOPMENT  OF  EARLY  ITALIAN   LITERATURE. 
PROPER  NAMES. 

Anselm  Pierre  le  Mangeur 

Chretien  de  Troyes  Tristan  and  Isolde 

Golias  Ulrich  von  Lichtenstein 


John  of  Salisbury  Walter  Map 

Parsifal 

42.     SUMMARY. 


/S^  -^  - 


SECONDARY  WORK  i'^arrison :  Meaning  of  Historm  o\\%.  2,  5. 

INTRODUCTION.       Sl^JECTS' WHICH  HAVE  NOT  BEEN   DISCUSSED. 
I.     THE  MEDIEVAL  CHURCH. 

Summary  of  its  work  and  influence. 

14.     FEUDALISM. 

a.  What  it  had  done. 

b.  Its  waning  influence. 

III.  THE  NEW  NATIONAL    LIFE. 

a.  New  codes  of  law. 

b.  New  social  conditions. 
New  industries. 

c.  Parliamentary  institutions. 

IV.  EUROPE,    1300,  A.  D. 

CONCLUSION.       THE    EVOLUTION    WHICH    MUST    OCCUR    BEFORE    THE 
DAWNING  OF  THE  RENAISSANCE  AND  REFORMATION. 


(61) 


A  LIST  OF  IMPORTANT  DATES  AND  EVENTS. 

A.    D. 

812  Victory  of  Constantine  "at  the  Milvian  Bridge." 

823  Christianity  recognized  and  favored  by  the  Emperor. 

325  Council  at  Nicaea. 

330  Constantinople,  capital  of  the  Empire. 

378  Battle  of  Hadrianople. 

390  Insurrection  in  Thessalonica,  crushed  with  cruelty  by 
Theodosius.  Eight  months  later  Bishop  Ambrose  of  Milan 
refused  to  admit  the  Emperor  to  Christian  communion 
until  he  had  done  penance. 

394  Whole  of  Empire  re-united,  for  the  last  time,  under  Theo- 
dosius. 

395  Death  of  Theodosius. 

Alaric  in  Macedonia,  Illyria  and  Greece. 

402  Battle  of  PoUentia. 

408  Death  of  Stilicho. 

410  Sack  of  Rome  by  Alaric. 

415  Visigothic  kingdom  in  Gaul  and  Spain;  capital  Toulouse. 

429  Vandals  cross  to  Africa. 

430  Death  of  St.  Augustine. 

439  Capture  of  Carthage  by  the  Vandals. 
449  Anglo-Saxon  conquest  of  England  begun. 

451  Battle  of  Chalons,  (Maurica). 
Council  of  Chalcedon. 

452  Invasion  of  Italy  by  Attila. 

453  Death  of  Attila. 

454  Hunnish  kingdom  dissolved. 

455  Sack  of  Rome  by  the  Vandals. 

476  Deposition  of  Romulus  Augustulus. 

486  Battle  of  Soissons. 

493  Ostrogothic  kingdom  in  Italy. 

496  Conversion  of  Clovis. 

507  Visigothic  kingdom  in  Spain;  capital  Toledo. 

511  Death  of  Clovis. 

525  Death  of  Boethius. 

526  Death  of  Theodoric  the  Great. 
529  Foundation  of  Benedictine  order. 

5SS  Codification  of  Roman  law  completed. 
534  Conquest  of  the  Vandals  by  Justinian. 
Conquest  of  Burgundy  })y  the  Franks. 
552  Defeat  of  Totila  by  Narses. 

(62) 


A.   I). 

558  Union  of  Franks  under  Lothuir  I. 
568  Invasion  of  Italy  by  Lombards. 
597  St.  Augustine  in  England. 
G13  Union  of  the  Franks  under  Lothair  II. 

622  The  Hegira. 

623  Formation  of  Slavic  kingdom  in  Bohemia,  which  lasted 
for  35  years. 

638  Death  of  Dagobert  I,  the  last  strong  Merovingian  king. 

664  Council  of  Whitby. 

687  Battle  of  Testry. 

711   Arabs  cross  into  Spain. 

732  Battle  of  Poitiers  (Tours). 

735  Death  of  the  venerable  Bede. 

750  The  Abbasside  Caliphs  at  Bagdad,  till  1258. 

751  Pippin,  king  of  the  Franks. 
756  Caliphate  of  Cordova. 

768  Charles  and  Karlmann,  kings  of  the  Franks. 

771  Charles  the  Great,  sole  king. 

772  Beginning  of  the  Saxon  war. 
774  Donation  of  Charles  the  Great. 
782  Massacre  of  prisoners  at  Verden. 
794  Council  at  Frankfort. 

797  The  Capttulare  Saxonicum. 

800  Coronation  of  Charles  the  Great. 

814   Death  of  Charles  the  Great. 

843  Treaty  of  Verdun. 

851  Danes  capture  London  and  Canterbury. 

855  Danes  winter  for  the  first  time  in  Sheppey. 

878  Treaty  of  Wedmore. 

886  Siege  of  Paris  by  the  Northmen. 

887  Deposition  of  Charles  the  Fat. 
893  First  Bulgarian  Empire. 

910  Foundation  of  Cluny. 
c.  912  Northmen  gain  a  permanent  position  in  Normandy. 
933  Victory  of  Henr}-  I  over  the  Hungarians  on  the  Unstrut. 
951  Marriage  of  Otto  the  Great  and  Adelaide. 
955  Victory  over  the  Hungarians  on  the  l^echfeld. 
959  Dunstan,  archbishoj)  of  Canterbury. 
962  Otto  the  Great  crowned  Emperor. 
987  Hugh  Capet  chosen  king  of  France. 
991   First  Danegeld  in  England. 
997  St.  Stephen,  king  of  Hungary. 

(63) 


A.   D. 

998  Execution  of  Crescentius. 
1000  Archbishopric  of  Gnesen  created. 
1002  Massacre  of  the  Danes  in  England. 
1014  Death  of  Sweyn  of  Denmark,  king  of  England. 
1034  Burgund}''  re-united  to  the  German  Empire. 
1059   Decree  of  Nicholas  II  concerning  the  papal  elections. 
1066  Conquest  of  England  by  the  Normans. 
1073  Flight  of  Henry  IV  from  Harzburg. 

1075  Henry  IV  defeats  Saxons  on  the  Unstrut. 
Decree  against  lay-investiture. 

1076  Excommunication  of  Henry  IV. 

1077  Henry  IV  at  Canossa. 
1085  Death  of  Gregory  VII. 

1095  Council  of  Clermont. 

1096  First  crusade  begun. 

1099   Capture  of  Jerusalem  by  the  crusaders. 
1104  Archbishopric  of  Lund  created. 
1114  Foundation  of  the  monastery  of  Clairvaux. 
1 1 22  The  Concordat  of  Worms. 

1143  Republic  at  Rome. 

1144  Capture  of  Edessa  by  Mohammedans. 
1152  Archbishopric  of  Drontheim  created. 
1155  Arnold  of  Brescia  burnt. 

1157  Duke  Vladislav  receives  the  royal  crown  of  Bohemia  from 
Frederick  I. 

1158  Diet  of  the  Roncaglian  fields. 
1160  Introduction  of  scutage  in  England. 
1162  Milan  razed  to  the  ground. 

Thomas  Becket,  archbishop  of  Canterbury. 
1164  Constitutions  of  Clarendon. 

Archbishopric  of  Upsala  created. 
1 167   Formation  of  Lombard  League. 
1170  Death  of  Thomas  Becket. 

1176  Emperor  defeated  by  Lombard  League  at  Legnano. 
1181  Assize  of  arms  in  England. 
1183  Peace  of  Constance. 
1 187  Capture  of  Jerusalem  by  Saladin. 
1191  Capture  of  Acre  by  crusaders. 

1193  Death  of  Saladin. 

1194  Henry  VI  conquers  the  Two  Sicilies. 

1197  Death  of  Henry  VI. 

1 198  Innocent  III,  pope. 

(64) 


A.   D. 

1200  Privileges  granted  by  king  to  the  University  of  Paris. 

1204  Capture  of  Constantinople  by  the  crusaders. 

1208  England  under  interdict. 

Crusade  against  Albigensee  begun. 

1212  Battle  of  Tolosa. 

1213  John  accepts  his  kingdom  as  a  fief  of  the  papacy. 

1214  Battle  of  Bouvines. 

1215  The  Great  Charter. 
Fourth  Lateran  Council. 

1216  Dominican  order  confirmed  bv  Honorius  III. 

1221  Death  of  St.  Dominic. 

1222  Golden  Bull  for  Hungary. 

1226  Death  of  St.  Francis. 

1227  Battle  of  Bornhcjeved. 

1229  Jerusalem  regained  by  Christians  through  a  treaty. 

1231  Constitutions  of  Frederick  II  for  Sicily. 

1233  Inquisition  confided  to  Dominicans. 

1 237  Victory  of  Frederick  II  over  the  Lombards  at  Cortenuova. 

1244  Jerusalem  lost  to  Christians. 

1245  Council  of  Lyons. 

1257  Foundation  of  the  college  of  Sorbonne. 

1258  Provisions  of  Oxford. 

1265  Parliament  of  Simon  of  Montfort. 

Battle  of  Evesham. 

1268  Execution  of  Conradin  at  Naples. 

1274  Papal  conclave  created. 

1279  Statute  of  Mortmain. 

1282  "Sicilian  Vespers,"  slaughter  of  the  French  in  Sicily. 

1284  Annexation  of  Wales  to  England. 

1285  Statute  of  Winchester. 

1290  Expulsion  of  the  Jews  from  England. 
Statute  Qida  emptor es. 

1291  Last  possessions  of  the  Christians  in  Palestine  lost, 

1295  The  Model  Parliament. 

1296  Bull  Clericis  laicos. 

1297  Statute  De  tallagio  nan  concedendo. 

1298  Closing  of  the  Great  Council  in  Venice. 
1300  Papal  Jubilee. 


(65) 


LISTS  OF  EMPERORS,  POPES  AND  KINGS. 
I.  THE  WESTERN  EMPERORS,  395-476. 


Honorius,  395-423. 
Valentinian  III,  424-455. 
Petronius  Maximus,  455. 
A  Vitus,  455-456. 
Majorian,  457-461. 
Libius  Severus,  461-465. 


Procopius     Anthemius,     467- 

472. 
Anicius  Olybrius,  472. 
Glycerins,  473-474. 
Julius  Nepos,  474-475. 
Romulus  Augustulus,  475-476. 


II.  THE  WESTERN  EMPERORS,  800-1300. 


(Only  those  are  given  who 

Charles  the  Great,  800-814. 
Lewis  I,  813  (816)-840. 
Lothair,  817  (823)-855. 
Lewis  II,  850-875.* 
Charles  II,  the  Bald,  875-881. 
Charles  III,  the  Fat,  881-887, 

d.  888. 
Guido,  891-894.* 
Lambert,  894-898.* 
Arnulf,  896-899. 
Lewis  III  of  Provence,  901-905. 

(Blinded  and  sent  away.) 
Berengar,  915-924.* 
Otto  I,  962-973. 
Otto  II,  967-983. 


were  crowjied  by  the  Pope. ) 

Otto  III,  996-1002. 

Henry    II,    the   Saint,    1014- 

1024.** 
Conrad  II,  1027-1039. 
Henry  III,   the  Black,   1046- 

1056.** 
Henry  IV,  1084-1106.** 
Henry  V,  1111-1125.** 
Lothair  II,  1134-1137. 
Frederick  I,  Barbarossa,  1155- 

1190. 
Henry  VI,  1191-1197.** 
Otto  IV,  1209-1218. 
Frederick  II,  1220-1250. 


III.  THE  EASTERN  EMPERORS,  395-1204. 


Justinian  I,  527-565. 

Justin  II,  565-578. 

Tiberius    Constantinus,     578- 

582. 
Maurice,  582-602. 
Phocas,  602-610. 


Arcadius,  395-408. 
Theodosius  II,  408-450. 
Marcian,  450-457. 
Leo  I,  the  Thracian,  457-474. 
Zeno,  the  Isaurian,  474-491. 
Anastasius  I,  491-518. 
Justin  I,  518-527. 

Heradian  Dynasty,  610-717. 

Heraclius  I,  610-641.  Constantinus    (Constans    II), 

Herachus  Constantinus,  641.  641-668. 

Heracleonas,  641-642. 

*  Recognized  only  in  Italy. 

**  Respectively  Henry  I,  II,  III,  IV  and  V  of  the  Empire. 

(66) 


Conslantine  IV  or  V,  Pogona-  Justinian   II   (restored),   705- 

tus,  668-685.  711. 

Justinian  II,  685-695.  Philip))icus,  711-713. 

Leontius,  695-697.  ArteniiusAnastasius,  713-715. 

Tiberius  Apsimarus,  697-705.  Theodosius  III,  715-717. 

Syrian  (Ismman)  Dynasty,  717-802. 

Leo  III,  the  Isaurian,  717-740.  Irene,  797-802. 

Constantine  V  or  VI,  Coprony-  Nicephorus  I,  802-811. 

mus,  740-775.  Stauracius,  811. 

Leo  IV,  the  Chazar,  775-779.  Michael  I,  Rhangabe,  811-813. 
Constantine  VI  or  VII,  779-797. 

Amorian  Dynasty,  820-867. 

Leo  V,The  Armenian,  813-820.  Theophilus,  829-842. 

Michael    II,    the    Stammerer,  Michael    III,    the    Drunkard, 
820-829.  842-867. 

BasiUan  or  Armenian  (Macedonian)  Dynasty,  867-1057. 

Basil  I,  the  Macedonian,  867-  Nicephorus    II,   Phocas,    963- 

886.  969.* 

Constantine  VII  (with  Basil  I),  John  I,  Zimisces,  969-976.* 

868-878.  Constantine  VIII  or  IX,  1025- 
Le(j  VI,  the  Wise,  886-912.  1028. 

Constantine  the  VII,   or  VIII,  Romanus  III,  Argyrus,  1028- 

Porphyrogenitus,  912-958.  1034. 

Alexander,  912-913.  Michael  IV, The  Paphlagonian, 
Romanus    I,    Lecapenus,    919-         1034-1042. 

945.*       (As    associates    his  Michael  V,  1042. 

three  sons,  Christopher,  Ste-  Constantine  IX  or  X,  Monoma- 

phen  and  Constantine. )  chns,    1042-1055.       (Reigns 

Romanus  II,  958-963.  with  his  wife  Zoe. ) 

Basil    II,    Bulgarodonus,    963-  Theodora,  1055-1057. 

1025.        (As     associate     his  Michael  VI,  Stratioticus,  1057. 

brother  Constantine,-  1028,* 

see  below. ) 

Comnenian  Dynasty,  1067-1204. 

Isaac  I,  Comnen  us,  1057-1059.  Eudocia,  1067-1071. 

Constantine  X  or  XI,   Ducas,  (In  the  name  of  her  sons,  Mich- 
1059-1067.  aelVII,  1067-1078,  Androni- 

*  Usurper. 

(67) 


cus  and  Constantine  and 
with  her  second  hus- 
band Romanus  IV,  1067- 
1071.) 

Michael  VII  (see  above), 
1071-1078. 

Nicephorus  III,  Botoniates, 
1078-1081. 

Alexius  I,  Comnenus,  1081- 
1118. 

John  or  Calojohannes,  Com- 
nenus, 1118-1143. 


Manuel    I,    Comnenus,   1143- 

1180. 
Alexius  II,  Comnenus,  1180- 

1183. 
Andronicus      I,      Comnenus, 

1183-1185. 
Isaac  II,  Angelus,  1185-1195. 
Alexius   III,    Angelus,   1195- 

1203. 
Isaac  II  (restored),      |  1203- 
Alexius  II,  Angelus,     j  1204. 
Alexius  V,  Ducas,  1204. 


IV.    LATIN  EMPEEOKS  OF  THE  EAST. 
Baldwin  I,  1204-1205.  Robert,  1221-1228. 

Henry  of  Flanders,  1205-1216.     John  of  Brienne,  1228-1237. 
PeterofCourtenay,  1216-1219.     Baldwin,  1237-1261. 
Yolande,  1219-1221. 

V.    POPES,  384-1303.* 


S.  Siricius,  384-398. 

S.  Anastasius  I,  398-401. 

S.  Innocent  I,  401  or  402-417. 

S.  Zosimus,  417-418. 

S.  Boniface  I,  418-422. 

S.  Celestine  I,  422-432. 

S.  Sixtus  III,  432-440. 

S.  Leo  I,  440-461. 

S.  Hilarus,  461-468. 

S.  Simplicius,  468-483. 

S.  Felix  III,  483-492. 

S.  Gelasius,  492-496. 

S.  Anastasius  II,  496-498. 

S.  Symmachus,  498-514. 

S.  Hormisda,  514-523. 

S.  John  I,  523-526. 

S.  Felix  IV,  526-530. 

Boniface  II,  530-532. 

John  II,  532-535. 

S.  Agapitus  I,  535-536. 

S.  Silverius,  536-537. 

Virgilius,  537-555. 

Pelagius  I,  555-560. 


John  III,  560-573. 

Benedict  I,  574-578. 

Pelagius  II,  578-590. 

S.  Gregory  I,  590-604. 

Sabinianus,  604-606. 

Boniface  III,  607. 

S.  Boniface  IV,  608-615. 

S.  Deusdedit,  615-618. 

Boniface  V,  619-625. 

Honorius,  625-638. 

Severinus,  638  or  639-640. 

John  IV,  640-642. 

Theodore  I,  642-649. 

S.  Martin,  649-653-(655). 

S.  Eugenius  I,  654-657. 

S.  Vitalianus,  657-672. 

Adeodatus,  672-676. 

Donus,  676-678. 

S.  Agatho,  678-681. 

S.  Leo  II,  681-683. 

S.  Benedict  II,  683  (?)-685. 

John  V,  685-686. 

Conon,  686-687. 


Compiled  from  Gams,  Jaft'^  and  Potthast. 
(68) 


Theodore,  687. 
S.  Sergius  I,  687-701. 
John  VI,  701-705. 
John  VII,  705-707. 
Sisinnius,  708. 
Constantine  I,  708-715. 
S.  Gregory  II,  715-731. 
S.  Gregory  III,  731-741. 
S.  Zacharias,  741-752. 
Stephen  (II),  752. 
Stephen  II,  752-757. 
S.  Paul  I,  757-767, 
Constantine  II,  767-768. 
Philip,  768. 
Stephen  III,  768-772. 
Hadrian  I,  772-795. 
S.  Leo  III,  795-816. 
Stephen  IV.  816-817. 
S.  Paschal  I,  817-824. 
Engenius  II,  824-827. 
Valentiniis,  827. 
Gregory  IV,  827-844. 
Sergius  II,  844-847. 
S.  Leo  IV,  847-^55. 
Benedict  III,  855-858. 
S.  Nicholas  I,  858-867. 
Hadrian  II,  867-872. 
John  VIII,  872-882. 
Marinns  I.  882-884. 
Hadrian  III,  884-885. 
Stephen  V,  885-891. 
Formosiis,  891-896. 
Boniface  VI,  896. 
Stephen  VI,  896-897. 
Romanus,  897. 
Theodore  II,  897. 
John  IX,  898-900. 
Benedict  IV,  900-903. 
Leo  V,  903. 
Christopher,  903-904. 
Sergius  III,  904-911. 
Anastasius  III,  911-913. 
Lando,  913-914. 


John  X,  914-928. 
Leo  VI,  928-929. 
Stephen  VII.  929-931. 
John  XI,  931-936. 
Leo  VII,  936-939. 
Stephen  VIII,  939-942. 
Marinus  II,  942-946. 
Agapitus  II,  946-955. 
John  XII,  955-964. 
Leo  VIII,  963-965. 
Benedict  V,  964. 
John  XIII,  965-972. 
Benedict  VI,  972-974. 
Benedict  VII,  974-983. 
John  XIV,  983-984. 
Boniface  VII,  (974),  984-985. 
John  XV,  985-996. 
Gregory  V,  996-999. 
Sylvester  II,  999-1003. 
John  XVII.  1003. 
John  XVIII,  1003-1009. 
Sergius  IV.  1009-1012. 
Benedict  VIII,  1012-1024. 
John  XIX,  1024-1033. 
Benedict  IX,  1033-1048. 
Gregory  VI,  1045-1046. 
Clement  II,  1046-1047. 
Damasus,  1048. 
S.  Leo  IX,  1048-1054. 
Victor  II,  1054-1057. 
Stephen  X,  1057-1058. 
Benedict  X,  1058-1060. 
Nicholas  II,  1059-1061. 
Alexander  II,  1061-1073. 
S.  Gregory  VII,  1073-1085. 
Victor  III,  1086-1087. 
Urhan  II,  1088-1099. 
Paschal  II,  1099-1118. 
Gelasius  II,  1118-1119. 
Calixtus  II,  1119-1124. 
Honorius  II,  1124-1130. 
Innocent  II,  1130-1143. 
Celestine  II,  1143-1144. 


(69) 


Lucius  II,  1144-1145. 
Eugene  III,  1145-1153. 
Anastasius  IV,  1153-1154. 
Hadrian  IV,  1154-1159. 
Alexander  III,  1159-1181. 
Lucius  III,  1181-1185. 
Urban  III,  1185-1187. 
Gregory  VIII,  1187. 
Clement  III,  1187-1191. 
Celestine  III,  1191-1198. 
Innocent  III,  1198-1216. 
Honorius  III,  1216-1227. 
Gregory  IX,  1227-1241. 
Celestine  IV,  1241. 


Innocent  IV,  1243-1254. 
Alexander  IV,  1254-1261. 
Urban  IV,  1261-1264. 
Clement  IV,  1265-1268. 
Gregory  X,  1271-1276. 
Innocent  V,  1276. 
Hadrian  V,  1276. 
John  XX,  1276-1277. 
Nicholas  III,  1277-1280. 
Martin  IV,  1281-1285. 
Honorius  IV,  1285-1287. 
Nicholas  IV,  1288-1292. 
Celestine  V,  1294. 
Boniface  VIII,  1294-1303. 


VI.     KINGS  OF  GERMANY,  887-1308. 


Arnulf,  887-896. 

Lewis,  the  Child,  899-911. 

Conrad  I,  911-918. 

Henry  I,  the  Fowler,  918-936. 

Otto  I,  the  Great,  936-973. 

Otto  II,  973-983. 

Otto  III.  983-1002. 

Henry    tl,    the    Saint,    1002- 

1024. 
Conrad    II,  .  the    Salic,    1024- 

1039. 
Henry  III,   the  Black,   1039- 

1056. 
Henry  IV,  1056-1106. 
Henry  V,  1106-1125. 


Lothair  II,  1125-1137. 
Conrad  III,  1138-1152. 
Frederick  I,  Barbarossa,  1152- 

1190. 
Henry  VI,  1190-1197. 
Otto  iV,  1197-1212. 
Phihp  II,  1197-1208. 
Frederick  II,  1212-1250. 
Conrad  IV,  1250-1254. 
The  Great  Interregnum,  1254- 

1273. 
Rudolf  I,  1273-1291. 
Adolf  of  Nassau,  1292-1298. 
Albert    I,    of    Austria,    1298- 

1308. 


VII.     KINGS  OF  FRANCE,  888-1314. 


Eudes,  888-898. 
Charles,  the  Simple,  898-923. 
Robert  I,  923. 

Rudolf  of  Burgundy,  923-936. 
Louis  IV,  (V  Oatremer,  936-954. 
Lothair,  954-986. 
Louis  V,  le  Faineant,  986-987. 
Hugh  Capet,  987-996. 
Robert  II,  the  Pious,  996- 
1031. 


Henry  I,  1031-1060. 
Philip  I,  1060-1108. 
Louis  VI,  1108-1137. 
Louis  VII,  1137-1180. 
Philip  II,  Augustus,  1 180-1223. 
Louis  VIII,  1223-1226. 
Louis  IX,  1226-1270. 
Philip    III,    the   Rash,    1270- 

1285. 
Philip  IV,  the  Fair,  1285-1314. 


(70) 


VIII.  KINGS  OF  ENGLAND,  1066-1307. 

William     I,     the     Conqueror,  Henry  II,  1154-1189. 

1066-1087.  Richard,    the     Lion-Hearted, 
William   II,    the   Red,    1087-         1189-1199. 

1100.  John,  Lackland,  1199-1216. 

Henry  I,  1100-1135.  Henry  III,  1216-1272. 

Stephen,  1135-1154.  Edward  I,  1272-1307. 

IX.  KINGS  OF  JERUSALEM,  1100-1187. 

Baldwin  I,  1100-1118.  Amalric,  1162-1174. 

Baldwin  II,  1118-1131.  Baldwin  IV,  1174-1185. 

Fulk  of  Anjou,  1131-1143.  Baldwin  V,  1185-1186. 

Baldwin  III,  1143-1162.  Guy  of  Lusignan,  1186-1187. 


(71) 


THE  GREAT  MAYORS  OF  THE  PALACE. 


(From  Oman: 
St.  Arnulf,  Bp.  of 
Metz,  died  641. 


European  History,  476-918.) 

Pu'i'iN  the  Elder,  Mayor 
of  Austrasia,  died  639. 

I 


Ansegisel,  Mayor  =:: 
of  Austrasia  632-38.     I 


Gbimoald,  Mayor  of 
Austrasia,  died  656. 


Plectrudis  =  Pippin  the  Younger,  Mayor 
of  Austrasia,  Neustria,  and 
Burgundy,  died  714. 


Alphaida. 


Childebert,  Pro- 
claimed King  of 
Austrasia  656. 


Grimoald, 
Mayor  of 
Neustria, 
died  714. 

Theudoald. 


Drogo, 
died  708. 


Charles  Martel,  Mayor 
of  Austrasia  717,  of  all  the 
Kingdoms  719,  died  741. 


Carloman,  Pippin  the  Short, 

Mayor  of  Mayor  of  Neustria 

Austrasia,  741,  King  of  the 
died  754.  Franks  752. 


Charles  the 
Great. 


Grifo.       Bernard. 


I  I  I 

Carloman.  Adalhard.   Wala. 


(72) 


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(73) 


RICHER' S  JOURNEY  FROM  RHEIMS  TO  CHARTRES. 

Richeri  Historiarum  Liber  IV,  c.  50.     Latin. 
(Translated  by  Dr.  A.  C.  Howland.) 

About  a  fortnight  before  the  capture  of  these  men,  '  wliile  I 
was  living  in  the  city  of  Rheims  deeply  engaged  in  the  study  of 
the  liberal  arts  and  anxious  to  master  the  logic  of  Hippocrates 
of  Chos,  I  happened  one  day  upon  a  horseman  from  Chartres. 
When  I  had  questioned  him  as  to  who  he  was  and  in  whose 
service,  and  why  and  whence  he  had  come  here,  he  replied 
that  he  was  a  messenger  of  Heribrand,  clerk  of  Chartres,  and 
that  he  wished  to  have  speech  with  one  Richer,  a  Monk  of  St. 
Remi.  Recognizing  at  once  the  name  of  a  friend  and  under- 
standing the  occasion  of  his  embas.sy  I  made  known  to  him  that 
I  was  the  person  he  sought,  and  giving  him  a  kiss,  I  drew  him 
secretly  to  one  side.  He  immediately  produced  his  letter, 
which  proved  to  be  an  invitation  from  Heribrand  to  came  mid 
read  the  Aphorisms  with  him.  I  was  greatly  rejoiced  at  the 
prospect,  and  having  engaged  a  certain  lad  to  go  with  me,  I 
made  my  dispositions  to  take  the  road  to  Chartres  in  company 
with  the  horseman.  When  I  set  out,  however,  the  only  assist- 
ance I  received  from  my  abbot  was  a  palfrey.  So,  without 
money,  without  even  a  change  of  clothing  or  any  other  necessar- 
ies, I  came  to  Orbais,  a  place  renowned  for  its  great  hospitality. 
There  I  was  refreshed  by  the  conversation  of  the  Lord  Abbot  D., 
as  well  as  entertained  through  his  liberality,  and  on  the  follow- 
ing day  resumed  the  journey  that  was  to  take  me  as  far  as 
Meaux.  But,  having  entered  the  shadows  of  a  forest,  misfor- 
tune overtook  me  and  my  two  companions.  For  taking  the 
wrong  turning  at  the  crossroads  we  wandered  out  of  our  way  si.K 
leagues.  Then  when  we  were  a  little  beyond  ChTiteau-Thierry, 
the  palfrey  that  had  previously  seemed  a  very  Bucephalus, 
began  to  lag  behind  like  an  ass.  The  sun  had  already  passed 
the  meridian,  the  sky  had  clouded  up  and  the  rain  was  on  the 
point  of  falling  in  torrents,  when  as  luck  would  have  it,  that 
Bucephalus  succumbed  to  his  mighty  efforts,  when  we  were  still 
six  miles  from  our  city,  and  sinking  beneath  the  limbs  of  the  lad 
who  was  riding  him  fell  to  the  ground  as  though  he  had  been 
struck  by  lightning  and  there  died.  How  great  our  dismay  and 
anxiety  then  were,  those  can  appreciate  who  have  ever  experi- 


'  Arnulf,  archbisliop  of  Rlieims,  and  Charles  of  Lorraine.     The  dale  re- 
ferred to  is  about  March  15,  991. 

(74) 


enced  similar  accidents  or  had  like  trouble.  The  boy,  unused 
to  the  difficulties  of  such  a  journey  and  having  now  lost  liis 
horse,  threw  himself  on  the  ground  thoroughly  used  up.  There 
was  our  baggage  without  any  means  of  conveyance.  The  rain 
was  pouring  down  in  sheets.  The  sky  was  black  with  clouds. 
The  sun  now  about  to  set  threatened  us  with  darkness.  As  I 
was  hesitating  amid  all  these  difficulties,  good  council  was  not 
withheld  by  God.  For  I  left  the  boy  on  the  spot  with  the 
baggage,  and  having  told  him  w^hat  he  should  answer  to 
passers-by  if  questioned  and  warned  him  to  resist  any  desire  to 
fall  asleep,  I  set  out  accompanied  only  by  the  horseman  from 
Chartres  and  came  to  Meaux.  When  I  reached  the  bridge  it 
was  scarcely  light  enough  to  see.  Carefully  examining  the 
structure,  I  was  once  more  overwhelmed  with  new  misfortunes. 
For  it  had  so  many  holes  and  such  great  gaps  in  it  that  the 
citizens  of  the  town  could  scarceh'  cross  it  even,  by  daylight  in 
the  course  of  their  necessary  business.  But  my  quick-witted 
guide,  who  was  pretty  well  experienced  in  traveling,  searched 
about  on  every  side  for  a  skiff.  Finding  none,  he  came  back  to 
the  dangerous  task  of  trying  to  cross  over  the  bridge.  With  the 
aid  of  heaven  he  managed  to  get  the  horses  over  safeh'.  Where 
there  were  holes  he  would  sometimes  lay  his  shield  down  for  the 
horses  to  step  on,  sometimes  place  boards  across  that  were  lying 
around,  and  now  bending  over,  now  standing  up,  first  running 
ahead,  then  coming  back,  he  finally  got  safely  across  with  me 
and  the  horses.  Night  had  fallen  and  covered  the  earth  in 
darkness  when  at  length  I  entered  the  cloister  of  St.  Pharo, 
where  the  brothers  were  just  preparing  the  love-drink.  On  this 
particular  day,  after  the  reading  of  the  chapter  by  the  steward  of 
the  monastery,  they  had  had  a  solemn  feast,  which  was  the  cause 
of  the  drink  being  prepared  at  so  late  an  hour.  I  was  received 
by  them  as  a  brother  and  refreshed  by  their  pleasant  conversa- 
tion and  what  food  I  wanted.  I  sent  back  the  man  of  Chartres 
with  the  horses  to  brave  once  more  the  dangers  of  the  bridge  we 
had  just  passed,  in  order  to  get  the  boy  who  had  been  left 
behind.  With  the  same  skill  as  before  he  crossed  over.  He 
found  the  lad  with  some  difficulty,  during  the  second  watch  of 
the  night,  after  wandering  about  and  shouting  for  him  fre- 
quently. When  he  had  taken  him  up  and  returned  to  the  city 
he  turned  aside  with  him  and  the  horses  and  sought  the  hut  of 
a  certain  peasant,  fearing  to  attempt  the  bridge  whose  perils  he 
had  learned  by  experience.  And  there  they  found  rest  for  the 
night  but  no  food,  though  they  had  been  the  whole  day  without 
eating.     What  a  sleepless  night  I  passed  and  with  how  great 

(75) 


anxiety  I  was  tortured  can  be  imagined  by  any  one  whose  love 
ever  compelled  him  to  keep  watch  for  some  dear  one.  But 
hardly  had  the  day  broken  when  they  put  in  their  appearance 
nearly  famished  with  hunger.  They  were  given  something  to 
eat  while  grain  and  straw  were  placed  before  the  horses.  The 
boy  being  now  without  a  horse,  I  left  him  behind  with  the 
Abbot  Augustus  and  pushed  on  rapidly  to  Chartres  accompanied 
by  the  messenger  alone.  On  reaching  there  I  sent  the  horses 
back  at  once  to  Meaux  to  fetch  the  boy.  When  all  cause  for 
apprehension  had  been  removed  by  his  arrival  I  entered  dili- 
gently into  the  study  of  the  Aphorisms  of  Hippocrates  with  my 
master  Heribrand,  a  man  of  much  culture  and  learning.  But 
in  this  work  I  learned  only  the  ordinary  symptoms  of  diseases, 
and  such  a  knowledge  of  ailments  not  being  sufficient  for  my 
desires,  I  begged  him  to  read  with  me  the  book  on  the  concord 
of  Hippocrates,  Galen  and  Suranus.  He  granted  my  request, 
for  he  was  a  very  skillful  man  in  his  art  and  well  acquainted 
with  pharmaceutics,  botany  and  surgery. 


LETTER  OF  HENRY  IV  TO  GREGORY  VII.     1073. 

(Probably  between  October  12  and  November  15.) 
Jaff'e:  Bibl.  Ber.  6?er.,  Vol.  II,  p.  46.     Latin. 

To  the  most  watchful  and  best  beloved  lord  Pope  Gregory 
endowed  from  Heaven  with  the  apostolic  dignity,  Henry  by  the 
grace  of  God  King  of  the  Romans  renders  most  faithfully  due 
submission. 

Since  the  Kingship  and  Priesthood  when  they  are  rightly  ad- 
ministered in  Christ  need  always  his  delegated  strength,  it  is 
certainly  fitting,  my  lord  and  most  loving  father,  that  there 
should  be  no  dissension  whatever  between  them,  but  rather  that 
they  should  cling  closely  to  one  another  being  joined  indis- 
solubly  by  the  bond  of  Christ.  For  thus  and  not  otherwise  is 
preserved  in  the  bond  of  perfect  charity  and  peace  both  the 
harmony  of  Christian  unity  and  the  prosperity  of  the  catholic 
Church.  But  we,  who,  by  the  will  of  God,  have  been  for  some 
time  governing  in  the  kingdom,  have  not,  as  was  fitting,  shown 
due  honor  and  justice  to  the  Priesthood.  It  is  true  we  have  not 
in  vain  borne  the  sword  given  to  us  by  God  to  maintain  our 
power,  and  yet  when  we  have  unsheathed  it,  it  has  not  always 

(76) 


been  against  those  sentenced  judicially  as  criminals,  as  was  just. 
Now,  however,  somewhat  pricked  by  the  divine  mercy  and  re- 
turned to  ourselves,  we  confess  our  former  sins  to  your  most 
indulgent  fatherhood  which  accuses  us;  we  hope  from  you  in 
the  Lord  that  absolved  by  your  apostolic  authority  we  may 
obtain  pardon. 

Alas!  sinful  and  in  misery,  partly  owing  to  the  impulse  of 
youthful  temptation,  partly  owing  to  the  freedom  of  our  unre- 
strained and  mighty  power,  partly  also  owing  to  the  seductive 
deception  of  those  whose  plans  we,  too  easily  led,  have  followed, 
we  have  sinned  against  Heaven  and  in  your  sight  and  are  no 
more  worthy  to  be  called  your  son.  For  not  only  have  we 
seized  ecclesiastical  propert}^  but  also  we  have  sold  the  churches 
themselves  to  unworthy  men,  although  infected  with  the  poison 
of  simony  and  entering  not  by  peace  but  otherwise,  and  we  have 
not  defended  them  as  we  ought.  And  now,  because  W'e  alone 
without  your  aid  are  not  able  to  reform  the  churches,  concern- 
ing these  as  moreover  concerning  all  our  affairs,  we  earnestly 
seek  at  the  same  time  both  your  aid  and  advice;  we  being  most 
desirous  to  obey  your  commands  in  everything.  And  now  in 
especial  concerning  the  church  at  Milan,  which  is  through  our 
fault  in  error,  we  ask  that  it  may  be  reformed  by  your  apostolic 
chastisement,  according  to  the  canons;  and  that  your  authorita- 
tive judgment  may  proceed  thence  to  correct  the  others.  We 
then,  by  God's  will,  will  not  fail  you  in  anything;  asking  this 
humbly  of  your  fatherly  kindness  that  it  may  mercifully  be 
swift  to  aid  us  in  all  things.  After  no  long  time  you  will  receive 
our  letters  by  the  hands  of  our  most  humble  servants,  from 
whom  you  will  learn  more  fully,  God  granting  it,  what  still 
remains  to  be  said  by  us. 


(77) 


LIST  OF  BOOKS  QUOTED. 

Arluiiis,  G.  B. :   Civilization  during  the  Middle  Ages.     Scribner. 

European  History.     Macmillan. 

Growth  of  the  French  Nation.     Macmillan. 
Adams,  G.  B.  and  H.  M.  Stephens:  Select  Doament'^  of  English 

Constitutioncd  History.     Macmillan. 
Ali,  Ameer:  Short  History  of  the  Saracens.     Macmillan. 
Alzog:   Church  History.     3  vols.     Cincinnati. 
American  Historical  Review.     Macmillan. 
American  Historical  Association:  Reports.     Washington. 
Ammianus  Marcellinus.      Bohn. 

Amos,  Sheldon:  Roman  Civil  Laiv.     London,  Kegan,  Paul. 
Andrews:   Old  English  Manor.     Johns  Hopkins  University. 
Anglo-Saxon  Chronicle.     Bohn. 
Ante-Nicene  Library.      10  Vols.     Scribner. 
Arabian  Nights.     Many  translations. 
Archer:   Crusade  of  Richard  I.     Contemporaries. 
Archer  and  Kingsford:   The  Crusades.      Nations. 
Arnold:  Preaching  of  Islam.      London,  Constable. 
Ashley:  Early  History  of  the  English  Woolen  Industry.   Macmillan. 

English  Economic  History.     2  Vols.      Putnam. 
Ashton:  Romances  of  Chivah-y.     Putnam. 
Ancassin  and  Nicolette.     Mosher,  Portland,  Me. 
Augustine,  St. :   The  City  of  God.     Translated  by  Dod.     2  Vols. 

Edinburgh,  Clark. 
Balzani:  Early  Chronicles  of  Europe.     Italy.     S.  P.  C.  K. 

Popes  and  Hohenstaufens.     Epochs. 
Barnard:  Strongbow' s  Conquest  of  Ireland.     Contem})oraries. 
Barry:  Papal  Monarchy.     Nations. 
Bateson:  Mediaeval  England.     Nations. 
Bede:  Ecclesiastical  History  of  England.     Bohn. 
Bemont  and  Monod:  Medieval  Europe,  395-1270.      Holt. 
Bernard,  St. :  Letters.     2  Vols.     London,  Hodges. 
Boethius:   Consolation  of  Philosophy.     Stock. 
Bosworth-Smith :    Mohammed   and    Mohammedanism.     London, 

Smith  and  Elder. 
Boyesen:  Norway.      Nations. 
Bradley :   Goths.      Nations. 
Brown:    Venice.     Aii  historical  sketch.     Putnam. 

Venetian  RepidAic.     Primer.     Macmillan. 
Bryce:   The  Holy  Roman  Empire.      (1904.)     Macmillan. 

Studies  ill  History  and  Jurisprudence.    2  Vols.    Clarendon. 
Burckhardt:  Civilization  of  the  Renaissance  in  Italy.     Swan,  Son- 
nenschein  &  Co. 

(78) 


Bmke:  History  of  Spain,  edited  hy  Hume.     2  Vols.    Longmans. 
Bury:   The  Later  Roman  Empire.     2  Vols.      Macmillan. 

Students^  Roman  Empire.     Harper. 
Calendar  of  State  Papers.     Longmans. 
Carr:   The  Church  and  the  Roman  Empire.     Epochs. 
Catholic  University  Bulletin.      \\''ashington. 
Cheyney:  Industrial  and  Social  History  of  England.     Macmillan. 

European  Background  of  American  History.     Harper. 
Chronicles  of  the  Cid.      Routledge. 
Chronicles  of  the  Crusades.     Bohn. 
Clarke:   The  Cid  Campeador.     Heroes. 
Clarke:   Mediseval   Military   Architecture    in    England.       2    Vols. 

London,  Wymans. 
Colby:  Selections  from  the  Sources  of  English  History.     Longmans. 
Comba:  History  of  the  Wcddenses.     Scribner. 
Committee  of  Seven:   The  Study  of  History.     Macmillan. 
Comparetti:    Vergil  in  the  Middle  Ages.     Macmillan. 
Conder:   The  Latin  Kingdom  of  Jerusalem.     London,  Young. 
Cornish:   Chivalry.     Macmillan. 
Corpus  Poeticum  Boreale,  edited   b}^  Vigfusson  and   Powell.     2 

Vols.     Clarendon. 
Crane:  Exempla  of  Jacques  de  Vitry.     English  Folk  Lore  Society. 
Cunningham:   Growth  of  English  Industry  and  Commerce.     Mac- 
millan. 

Western    Civilization.     2    Vols.     Cambridge   Uni- 
versity Press. 
Cutts:  Parish  Priests  and  their  People.     S.  P.  C.  K. 

St.  Jerome.     S.  P.  C.  K. 

Scenes  and  Characters  of  the  Middle  Ages. 
Dante:  De  Monarchia,  trans,   by  A.  Henry.     Macmillan. 
Dasent:  Burnt  Njal  Saga.     2  Vols.     Edinburgh,  Douglas. 
Davis:   Charlemagne.     Heroes. 

Dictionary  of  Christian  Biography.     Little,  Brown  &:  Co. 
Dictionary  of  National  Biography.     Macmillan. 
Dill:  Roman  Society  in  the  last  Century  of  the  Empire.    2d  edition. 

Macmillan. 
Dow:  Seignobos,  The  Feuded  Regime.     Holt. 
Droysen:    Allgemeiner   Historischer   Handatlas.       Bielefeld    and 

Leipzig,  Velhagen  and  Klasing. 
Du  Chaillu:   The  Viking  Age.     2  Vols.     Scribner. 
Duffy:   luscan  Republics.     Nations. 
Dunham:  Spain.     Longmans. 
Duruy:  History  of  Rome.     8  Vols.     Jewett. 

(79) 


Eckenstein:    Woiium  under  Alonastidsm.     Cambridge  Univ.  Press. 
Einhard:  Life  of  Charlemagne.     Trans,  by  Turner,  Harper,  and 

Glaister,  Bell. 
Emerton:  Introduction  to  the  Middle  Ages.     Ginn. 

Mediaeval  Europe,  814-1300.     Ginn. 
Encyclopsedia  Britannica.     London,  Black. 
Encycloped'ie,  la  Grande.     Paris,  Lamirault. 
English  Chronicles,  Six  Old.     Bohn. 
English  Historical  Review.     Longmans. 

Essays  on  the  Crusades.     By  Munro,  Prutz  and  Diehl.     Interna- 
tional Monthly. 
Fairley :  Seignobos,  History  of  the  Roman  People.     Holt. 
Finlay:  History  of  Greece.     7  Vols.     Clarendon. 
Fisher,  G.  P. :   2he  Beginnings  of  Christianity.     Scribner. 
History  of  the  Christian  Church.     Scribner. 
Fisher,  H.  A.  L. :   The  Medixval  Empire.     2  Vols.     iNLacmillrai. 
Fling:  Studies  in  European  History.     2  Vols.     Miller,   Lincoln, 

Nebraska. 
Florence  of  Worcester.     Bohn. 

Forster:   Chronicles  of  James  I.     Field,  Osgood  and  Co. 
Francis,  St. :  Mirror  of  Perfection.     London,  Nutt. 
The  Little  Elowers.     Macmillan. 
Legend  of  the  Three  Companions.     Macmillan. 
Freeman:   The  Chief  Periods  of  European  History.     Macmillan. 
Historical  Essays.     Macmillan. 
Historiccd  Geography.     2  Vols.     Longmans. 
History  and  Conquests  of  the  Saracens.     Macmillan. 
History  of  the  Norman  Conquest.     6  Vols.     Clarendon. 
William  the  Conqueror.     Macmillan. 
Froude:   Thomas  a  Becket.     Longmans. 
Gaskoin:  Alcuin.     London,  Clay. 
Gautier:   Chivalry.     Routledge. 
Gee  and  Hardy:  Documents  Illustrative  of  English  Church  Hidory. 

Macmillan. 
George:  Relation  of  Geography  and  History. 
Gibbins:  History  of  Commerce  in  Europe.     Macmillan. 

Industrial  History  of  England.     Methuen. 
Gibbon:  Decline  and  Fall  of  the  Roman  Empire.     Ed.  by  Bury. 

7  Vols.     Macmillan. 
Gieseler:  Ecclesiasticcd  History.     Various  editions. 
Gilman:   Ihe  Saracens.     Nations. 
Green,  J.  R. :   Conquest  of  England.     Harper. 

History  of  the  English  People.     4  Vols.      Harper. 
Making  of  England.     Harper. 

(80) 


Green,  Mrs.  J.  R. :  Tovm  Life  in  the  Fifteenth  Century.  Macmillan. 

Henry  II.     Macmillan. 
Gregorovius  :  History  of  the  City  of  Rome  in  the  Middle  Ages.     8 

Vols.     Macmillan. 
Gross  :  The  Gild  Merchant. .     2  Vols.     Clarendon. 
Guizot :  History  of  Civilization.     3  Vols.     Bohn, 
Gummere  :   Germanic  Origins.     Scribner. 
Gwatkin  :   The  Arian  Controversy.     Epochs. 

Selections  from  Early  W7-iters.     Macmillan. 
Harnack  :  Monasticism.     Scribner. 

Harrison  :   7  he   Meaning  of  History  and  other  Historical  Pieces. 
Macmillan. 

Byzantine  History  in  the  Early  Middle  Ages,     Mac- 
millan. 
Hassall :  The  French  People.     Appleton. 

Hatch  :   Organization  of  the  Early  Christian  Churches.    Longmans. 
Influence  of   Greek  Ideas  and   Usages  upon  the  Christian. 
Church.     London,  Williams  and  Norgate, 
Growth  of  Church  Institutions. 
Hefele  :  History  of  the  Councils.     Tr.  by  Clark  and  others.     5 

Vols.     Edinburgh,  Clark. 
Henderson  :  Historiccd  Documents  of  the  Middle  Ages.     Bohn. 

History  of  Germany  in  the  Middle  Ages.     Macmillan. 
Hodgkin  :   Charles  the  Great.     Macmillan. 

Dynasty  of  Theodosius.     Clarendon. 
Italy  and  her  Invaders.     8  Vols.     Clarendon. 
Tfie  Letters  of  Cassiodorus.     Frowde. 
Theodoric  the  Goth.     Heroes. 
Holland  :  Rise  of  Intellectual  Liberty.     Holt. 
Howe  :  Studies  in  the  Civil  Law.     Little,  Brown  &  Co. 
Hughes  :  Dictionary  of  Islam.     London,  Allen. 
Hume  :  Spanish  People.     Appleton. 
Hutton  :   The  Church  in  the  Sixth  Century.     Longmans. 
Philip  Augustus.     Macmillan. 
St.  Thomas  of  Canterbury.     Contemporaries. 
Indiana  :  Extracts  from  the  Sources.     Published  by  the  Depart- 
ment of  History,  University  of  Indiana. 
Ingram  :  Serfdom  and  Slavery. 
Jenks  :  Laiv  and  Politics  in  the  Middle  Ages.     Holt. 
Jessopp  :   Coming  of  the  F'iars.     Putnam. 
Studies  by  a  Recluse.     Putnam. 
Johnson  :   The  Normans  in  Europe.     Epochs. 
Johnston  :    English   Historical  Reprints.     Sheehan,  Ann  Arbor, 
Mich. 

(81) 


Joyce:  Short  History  of  Ireland.     Longmans. 

Jusserand  :  English  Wayfaring  Life.     Putnam. 

Keary  :   The  Vikings  in  Western  Christendom.     Putnam. 

Ker  :   The  Dark  Ages.     Scribner. 

Kingsley  :   The  Hermits.     Macmillan. 

Kitchin  :  History  of  France.     3  Vols.     Clarendon. 

Lanciani  :  Pagan  and  Christian  Rome.   Houghton,  Mifflin  &  Co. 

Lane:  Arabian  Society.     London,  Chatto  and  Windus. 

Selections  from  the  Kuran.     London,  Triibner. 
Lane-Poole:  Mohammedan  Dynasties.     London,  Constable. 
Saladin.     Heroes. 
Speeches  and  Table  Talk  of  the  Prophet  Mohammad. 

Macmillan. 
Story  of  the  Moors  in  Spain.     Nations. 
Langlois:  Lectures  Hlstoriciues.     Paris,  Hachette. 
Lavisseand  Rambaud:  Hlstoire  Genercde.    12  Vols.    Paris,  Colin. 
Lea:  Confession  and  Indulgences.     3  Vols.     Lea. 

Historical  Sketch  of  Sacerdotal  Celibacy.     Houghton,  Mifflin. 
History  of  the  Inquisition.     3  Vols.     Harper. 
Papal  Penitentiary.     Lea. 
Studies  in  Church  History.     Lea. 
Superstition  and  Force.     Lea. 
Lecky:  History  of  European  Morcds.     2  Vols.     Longmans. 
Lee:  Source- Book  of  English  History.     Holt. 
Le  Strange:  Palestine  under  the  Moslems.     Houghton,  Mifflin. 
McCabe  :  St.  Augustine.     Putnam. 
Maitland:  Domesday  and  Beyond.     Cambridge  Univ.  Press. 

Roman  Canon  Law  in  the  Church  of  England.     Cam- 
bridge Univ.  Press. 
Masson :  Early  Chronicles  of  Europe.     Fxinre.     S.  P.  C.  K. 
Medlsevcd  Tcdes.     Morley's  Library.     Routledge. 
Merivale  :  The  Romans  under  the  Empire.     8  Vols.     Longmans. 
6  Vols.     Appleton. 
Early  Church  History.     Randolph. 
Milman:  History  of  Latin  Christianity.     8  Vols.     Sheldon. 
Moeller:  History  of  the  Christian  Church.     3  Vols.     Macmillan. 
Mombert:   Charles  the  Great.     Appleton. 

Mommsen:   The  Provinces  of  the  Roman  Empire.     2  Vols.     Scrib- 
ner. 
Montalembert:  The  Monks  of  the  West.     6  Vols.     Longmans. 
Moore:  Development  and  Character  of  Gothic  Architecture.     Mac- 
millan. 
Moray:  Outlines  of  Roman  Law.     Putnam. 
Morfill:  Poland.     Nations. 
Russia.     Nations. 

(82) 


Morris:   Old  French  Romances.     Scribner. 
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